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Smoking has a significant effect on an individual's weight. Those who quit smoking gain an average of 4.4 kilograms (9.7 lb) for men and 5.0 kilograms (11.0 lb) for women over ten years. [156] However, changing rates of smoking have had little effect on the overall rates of obesity. [157]
Molecular weights of the species in the representative octane combustion are 114, 32, 44, and 18 for C 8 H 18, O 2, CO 2, and H 2 O, respectively; therefore one kilogram (2.2 lb) of fuel reacts with 3.51 kilograms (7.7 lb) of oxygen to produce 3.09 kilograms (6.8 lb) of carbon dioxide and 1.42 kilograms (3.1 lb) of water.
A 68 kg (150 lb) person walking at 4 km/h (2.5 mph) requires approximately 210 kilocalories (880 kJ) of food energy per hour, which is equivalent to 4.55 km/MJ. [ 15 ] 1 US gal (3.8 L) of petrol contains about 114,000 British thermal units (120 MJ) [ 52 ] of energy, so this is approximately equivalent to 360 miles per US gallon (0.65 L/100 km).
Driving in Formula One is highly demanding physically, with drivers typically burning around 1,000 calories per hour and losing 2–4 kg (4–9 lb) of weight per race. [ 138 ] [ 139 ] A key reason for the physical demands is the extreme g-forces generated by driving at high speeds, with modern Formula One cars capable of generating forces of up ...