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  2. African socialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_socialism

    African Socialists argued in favor of a distinctive form of socialism because they believed that socialism had its roots in pre-colonial African society. [42] According to them, African society was a classless society, characterized by a communal spirit and democracy on the basis of government through discussion and consensus. [43]

  3. Nkrumaism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkrumaism

    The central contention of Nkrumaism was that African countries, united with one another, needed to adopt socialist political structures which were consistent with the traditional African values of egalitarianism. Nkrumah rejected the idealized view of pre-colonial African societies that were classless or non-hierarchical, but accepted that ...

  4. Year of Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year_of_Africa

    O. H. Morris of the British Ministry of Colonies predicted in early January that "1960 will be a year of Africa". [1] The phrase "year of Africa" was also used by Ralph Bunche on 16 February 1960. Bunche anticipated that many states would achieve independence in that year due to the "well nigh explosive rapidity with which the peoples of Africa ...

  5. List of totalitarian regimes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_totalitarian_regimes

    Unitary presidential constitutional republic under conjugal military dictatorship: Asia: Republic of Rwanda [81] 1973: 1994: Juvénal Habyarimana: National Revolutionary Movement for Development: Hutu supremacy Anti-Communism Ultranationalism Social Conservatism Right-wing populism Tropical Fascism Unitary one-party presidential republic under ...

  6. Congo Crisis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Crisis

    The Belgian Congo, today the Democratic Republic of the Congo, highlighted on a map of Africa. Colonial rule in the Congo began in the late 19th century. King Leopold II of Belgium, frustrated by Belgium's lack of international power and prestige, attempted to persuade the Belgian government to support colonial expansion around the then-largely unexplored Congo Basin.

  7. Casablanca Group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casablanca_Group

    African Unity Square (Place de l'Unité Africaine) in Casablanca. The group first met in 1961 in the Moroccan port city of Casablanca, hence the alliance's name.This conference brought together some of the continent's most prominent statesmen like Gamal Abdel-Nasser of Egypt, Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana and Sékou Touré of Guinea.

  8. Black Consciousness Movement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement

    The Black Consciousness Movement started to develop during the late 1960s, and was led by Steve Biko, Mamphela Ramphele, and Barney Pityana [citation needed].During this period, which overlapped with apartheid, the ANC had committed to an armed struggle through its military wing Umkhonto we Sizwe, but this small guerrilla army was neither able to seize and hold territory in South Africa nor to ...

  9. 1960 in Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_in_Africa

    20 September – Dahomey, Upper Volta, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville), Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville), Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Madagascar, Niger, Somalia, Togo, Mali and Senegal obtain membership in the United Nations. 22 September – Mali declares independence from the Mali federation.