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In information security, computer science, and other fields, the principle of least privilege (PoLP), also known as the principle of minimal privilege (PoMP) or the principle of least authority (PoLA), requires that in a particular abstraction layer of a computing environment, every module (such as a process, a user, or a program, depending on the subject) must be able to access only the ...
Discretionary access control (DAC) is a policy determined by the owner of an object. The owner decides who is allowed to access the object, and what privileges they have. Two important concepts in DAC are [citation needed] File and data ownership: Every object in the system has an owner. In most DAC systems, each object's initial owner is the ...
Each accessible object contains an identifier to its ACL. The privileges or permissions determine specific access rights, such as whether a user can read from, write to, or execute an object. In some implementations, an ACE can control whether or not a user, or group of users, may alter the ACL on an object.
Historically, MAC was strongly associated with multilevel security (MLS) as a means of protecting classified information of the United States.The Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC), the seminal work on the subject and often known as the Orange Book, provided the original definition of MAC as "a means of restricting access to objects based on the sensitivity (as represented by ...
The concept of ABAC can be applied at any level of the technology stack and an enterprise infrastructure. For example, ABAC can be used at the firewall, server, application, database, and data layer. The use of attributes bring additional context to evaluate the legitimacy of any request for access and inform the decision to grant or deny access.
Common physical security access control with a finger print A sailor checks an identification card (ID) before allowing a vehicle to enter a military installation.. In physical security and information security, access control (AC) is the selective restriction of access to a place or other resource, while access management describes the process.
In computing, privilege is defined as the delegation of authority to perform security-relevant functions on a computer system. [1] A privilege allows a user to perform an action with security consequences. Examples of various privileges include the ability to create a new user, install software, or change kernel functions.
The controls are discretionary in the sense that a subject with a certain access permission is capable of passing that permission (perhaps indirectly) on to any other subject (unless restrained by mandatory access control). Discretionary access control is commonly discussed in contrast to mandatory access control (MAC). Occasionally, a system ...