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The expenditure approach is basically an output accounting method. It focuses on finding the total output of a nation by finding the total amount of money spent. This is acceptable to economists, because, like income, the total value of all goods is equal to the total amount of money spent on goods.
The table summarizes national income on the left (debit, revenue) side and national product on the right (credit, expense) side of a two-column accounting report. Thus the left side gives GDP by the income method, and the right side gives GDP by the expenditure method. The GDP is given on the bottom line of both sides of the report.
As a method, the subject is termed national accounting or, more generally, social accounting. [1] Stated otherwise, national accounts as systems may be distinguished from the economic data associated with those systems. [2] While sharing many common principles with business accounting, national accounts are based on economic concepts. [3]
Andre Vanoli, A History of National Accounting, IOS Press, Amsterdam, 2005; Carol S. Carson, Jeanette Honsa, "The United Nations System of National Accounts: an introduction", in: Survey of Current Business, June 1990 ; CEC, IMF, OECD, UN & World Bank “System of National Accounts 1993”. Commission of the European Communities-Eurostat ...
Net national income encompasses the income of households, businesses, and the government. Net national income is defined as gross domestic product plus net receipts of wages , salaries and property income from abroad, minus the depreciation of fixed capital assets (dwellings, buildings, machinery, transport equipment and physical infrastructure ...
The US "National Income and Product Accounts" divide incomes into five categories: Wages, salaries, and supplementary labor income; Corporate profits; Interest and miscellaneous investment income; Income earned by sole proprietors and from the Housing subsector (net of expenses) Net income from transfer payments from businesses
Government spending or expenditure includes all government consumption, investment, and transfer payments. [1] [2] In national income accounting, the acquisition by governments of goods and services for current use, to directly satisfy the individual or collective needs of the community, is classed as government final consumption expenditure.
The World Bank has used the Atlas method [1] since 1993 to estimate the economic size of countries based on their gross national income (GNI) in U.S. dollars. To convert a country's GNI from its local currency to U.S. dollars, the Atlas method uses a conversion factor that averages exchange rates over three years. This helps reduce the impact ...