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In the spine, similar fibres join the intervertebral disc to the adjacent vertebrae. [3] Each fibre is accompanied by an arteriole and one or more nerve fibres. [4] Scottish anatomist William Sharpey described them in 1846, although they were also referred to as the claviculi of Gagliardi after Domenico Gagliardi who described them in 1689. [5]
In 1846 he described the skeletal loadbearing fibres that now bear his name, Sharpey's fibres. He was made a member of its council in 1844, and was appointed one of the secretaries in place of Thomas Bell in November 1853, an office which he held until his retirement. He was also for 15 years, from April 1861, one of the members appointed by ...
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The alveolar bone proper is also called bundle bone because Sharpey's fibres, part of the PDL, are inserted there. Sharpey's fibres in alveolar bone proper are inserted at a right angle (just as with the cemental surface); they are fewer in number, but thicker in diameter than those found in cementum. [7]
They may appear singly or in groups, [1] and are most commonly found at the tip of the root. [6] Their size is variable, [5] but generally they are small (about 0.2 mm [6] – 0.3 mm in diameter). [5] Cementicles are usually acellular, and may contain either fibrillar or afibrillar cementum, or a mixture of both. [5]
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Tracheids were the main conductive cells found in early vascular plants. In the first 140–150 million years of vascular plant evolution, tracheids were the only type of conductive cells found in fossils of plant xylem tissues. [5] Ancestral tracheids did not contribute significantly to structural support, as can be seen in extant ferns. [6]
Bast fiber from oak trees forms the oldest preserved woven fabrics in the world. It was unearthed at the archeological site at Çatalhöyük in Turkey and dates to 8000-9000 years ago. [5] Dress of unspecified bast fibre, Yuracaré, Rio Chimoré, Bolivia 1908–1909. Cycling suit of linen bast fiber, New York, New York, United States, 1908