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The Bosporan Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus (Ancient Greek: Βασιλεία τοῦ Κιμμερικοῦ Βοσπόρου, romanized: Basileía tou Kimmerikou Bospórou; Latin: Regnum Bospori), was an ancient Greco-Scythian state located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, centered in the present-day Strait of Kerch.
The Bosporan kings were the rulers of the Bosporan Kingdom, an ancient Hellenistic Greco-Scythian state centered on the Kerch Strait (the Cimmerian Bosporus) and ruled from the city of Panticapaeum. Panticapaeum was founded in the 7th or 6th century BC; the earliest known king of the Bosporus is Archaeanax , who seized control of the city c ...
The name of the strait comes from the Ancient Greek Βόσπορος (Bósporos), which was folk-etymologised as βοὸς πόρος, i.e. "cattle strait" (like "Ox-ford" [b]), from the genitive of boûs βοῦς 'ox, cattle' + poros πόρος 'passage', thus meaning 'cattle-passage', or 'cow passage'. [7]
Rhoemetalces ruled as Bosporan king from 131 until 153. [1] He was a contemporary to the rule of the Roman Emperors Hadrian and Antoninus Pius . On coinage, his royal title is in Greek: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΡΟΙΜΗΤΑΛΚΟΥ ("of King Rhoemetalces").
[1] [3] Furthermore, Theothorses's otherwise traditional Bosporan coinage incorporates a tamga, a type of symbol usually used by Eurasian nomads. [1] Ivan Alekseevich Astakhov considers it "undoubtable" that Theothorses was a member of the Sarmatian or Alan aristocracy and seized power in the Bosporus after defeating a Gothic invasion in the ...
Sometime between 27 and 17 BC, Augustus formally recognised Asander as king of Bosporan Kingdom. According to Strabo, Asander blocked the isthmus of the Chersonesus ( Chersonesus Tauricus , modern Crimea ) near Lake Maeotis (the Sea of Azov ) with a wall which was 360 stadia long ( 53 kilometres, 35 miles) and had ten towers for every stadium.
Bosporan coin troves from the early 4th century throughout the territory of the kingdom are likely connected to the activity of Iranian Sarmatian and Alan tribes in the region; the increasing power and influence of these tribes suggest that Rhescuporis VI might have been overthrown by a Sarmatian or Alan tribal leader. [1]
Rhadamsades became king of the Bosporan Kingdom in 309, succeeding Theothorses. [3] [4] [5] Nothing is known of his origin and relationship to other kings.Like his predecessor Theothorses, his name is of Iranian origin, [1] which could indicate that he was a Sarmatian or Alan tribal leader or nobleman who seized power, rather than a genuine member of the previous Bosporan ruling Tiberian ...