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Many of the causes of amphibian declines are well understood, and appear to affect other groups of organisms as well as amphibians. These causes include habitat modification and fragmentation, introduced predators or competitors, introduced species, pollution, pesticide use, or over-harvesting. However, many amphibian declines or extinctions ...
Reasons for amphibian declines are often termed ‘enigmatic' because the cause is unknown. Why some areas are affected by the fungus while others are not is not fully understood. Oscillating factors such as climate, habitat suitability, and population density may be factors which cause the fungus to infect amphibians of a given area.
Of all evaluated amphibian species, 10% are listed as vulnerable. No subpopulations of amphibians have been evaluated by the IUCN. For a species to be assessed as vulnerable to extinction the best available evidence must meet quantitative criteria set by the IUCN designed to reflect "a high risk of extinction in the wild".
However, the zoospores are capable of chemotaxis, and can move towards a variety of molecules that are present on the amphibian surface, such as sugars, proteins and amino acids. [9] B. dendrobatidis also contains a variety of proteolytic enzymes and esterases that help it digest amphibian cells and use amphibian skin as a nutrient source. [10]
N. plumbeus is considered to be the most aquatically adapted African murid; its unusually large brain is thought to be one consequence of this lifestyle. [3] The species is considered to be critically endangered or possibly extinct , since its habitat has been severely damaged by overgrazing and monoculture.
According to 2018 research, Madagascar would lose 60% of its species under 4.5 °C (8.1 °F), while Fynbos in Western Cape region of South Africa would lose a third of its species. Miombo Woodlands of South Africa would lose around 90% of their amphibians and about 86% of their birds if the warming were to reach 4.5 °C (8.1 °F). [1]
Phrynobatrachus are among the most common amphibians in Africa. They are typically small (mostly less than 30 mm (1.2 in) [ 5 ] ), fast-moving frogs. They occupy a variety of habitats from dry savannas to rainforests .
Prehistoric amphibians of Africa (3 C, 2 P) A. Amphibians of Seychelles (9 P) M. Amphibians of Mauritius (3 P) N. Amphibians of North Africa (14 P) S.