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CTA-708 (formerly EIA-708 and CEA-708) is the standard for closed captioning for ATSC digital television (DTV) viewing in the United States and Canada.It was developed by the Consumer Electronics sector of the Electronic Industries Alliance, which became Consumer Technology Association.
Subtitles exist in two forms; open subtitles are 'open to all' and cannot be turned off by the viewer; closed subtitles are designed for a certain group of viewers, and can usually be turned on or off or selected by the viewer – examples being teletext pages, U.S. Closed captions (608/708), DVB Bitmap subtitles, DVD or Blu-ray subtitles.
Closed caption capability is also available, with the ability for 3rd-party closed caption devices to plug into the digital cinema server. Probably the best known closed captioning option for film theaters is the Rear Window Captioning System from the National Center for Accessible Media. Upon entering the theater, viewers requiring captions ...
The FCC requires visual-display closed captioning for most TV programs and shows when reshown on the internet, with guidance as to how to file a complaint if you encounter closed captioning that's ...
However, e-Captioning is now available to TV Broadcast facilities for tapeless workflows. Prior to the advent of e-Captioning, closed captioning was added to a video using a linear deck-to-deck process, which required the use of a physical master video tape, two tape decks (play and record), and a hardware closed captioning encoder. [1]
Subtitle (or closed captioning) information is also transmitted in the teletext signal, typically on page 888 [1] or 777. A number of similar teletext services were developed in other countries, some of which attempted to address the limitations of the British-developed system, with its simple graphics and fixed page sizes.
Open captioning has been little-used due to the fear that it was too intrusive and noticeable to hearing viewers. However, no studies have been conducted to elicit hearing people's opinions on how they will adapt to reading captions on screen. Rear Window captioning is a form of closed captioning because the viewer must choose to view the captions.
The National Captioning Institute, Inc. (NCI) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization [3] that provides real-time and off-line closed captioning, subtitling and translation, described video, web captioning, and Spanish captioning for television and films.