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In Shia theology Ismah means "impeccability", "immunity to sin" and "infallibility. "[119] When Ismah is attributed to human beings, the concept means "the ability of avoiding acts of disobedience, in spite of having the power to commit them, "[119] As in Prophets and Imams, Ismah is a Divine grace [120] realized by God's preservation of the ...
Established the Ja'fari jurisprudence and developed the theology of Twelvers. He instructed many scholars in different fields, including Imams Abu Hanifah and Malik ibn Anas in fiqh, Wasil ibn Ata and Hisham ibn Hakam in Islamic theology, and Jabir ibn Hayyan in science and alchemy. [24] He was poisoned in Madinah on the order of Caliph Al ...
According to Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Ali, the first Shia Imam, is credited with having established Islamic theology and his quotations contain the first rational proofs among Muslims of the Unity of God. [12] Ali expresses that "God is One" means that he is away from likeness and numeration and he is not divisible even in imagination. [13] He says:
The reappearance of Muhammad al-Mahdi is the Twelver eschatological belief in the return of their Hidden Imam in the end of time to establish peace and justice on earth. For Twelvers, this would end a period of occultation that began shortly after the death of Hasan al-Askari in 260 AH (873–874 CE), the eleventh Imam.
Contemporary to the tenth Imam, the Abbasid al-Mutawakkil violently prosecuted the Shia, [10] [11] partly due to the renewed Zaydi opposition. [12] The restrictive policies of al-Mutawakkil towards the tenth Imam were later adopted by his son, al-Mu'tamid, who is reported to have kept the eleventh Imam under house arrest without any visitors. [13]
The traditional Twelver Shia view was to keep clerics away from political and governmental positions. [1] Velayat e Faqih is a Twelver Shia concept which holds that at least partial religious and social affairs of the Muslims need to be administered by a righteous and qualified Shia faqih until the appearance of the Mahdi. [2]
Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Mahdi (Arabic: محمد بن الحسن المهدي, romanized: Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mahdī) is believed by the Twelver Shia to be the last of the Twelve Imams and the eschatological Mahdi, who will emerge in the end of time to establish peace and justice and redeem Islam.
As a result, he and his family were killed in the Battle of Karbala by Yazid's forces. [18] Ever since the battle, the commemoration of Husayn ibn Ali's martyrdom has been at the core of Shia rituals and identity. [34] Killed and beheaded at the Battle of Karbala. [34]