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  2. Chaptalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaptalization

    This process is not intended to make the wine sweeter, but rather to provide more sugar for the yeast to ferment into alcohol. [1] Chaptalization has generated controversy and discontent in the French wine industry due to advantages that the process is perceived to give producers in poor-climate areas. In response to violent demonstrations by ...

  3. Gravity (alcoholic beverage) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_(alcoholic_beverage)

    It is important, where any conversion to °P is involved, that the proper pair of temperatures be used for the conversion table or formula being employed. The current ASBC table is (20 °C/20 °C) meaning that the density is measured at 20 °C (68 °F) and referenced to the density of water at 20 °C (68 °F) (i.e. 0.998203 g/cm 3 or 0.0360624 ...

  4. Malolactic fermentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malolactic_fermentation

    Most wine-producing countries have laws regulating the amount volatile acidity permitted for wine available for sale and consumption. In the United States, the legal limit is 0.9 g/L for foreign wine exported to the United States, 1.2 g/L for white table wine, 1.4 g/L for red wine, 1.5 g/L for white dessert wine, and 1.7 g/L for red dessert wine.

  5. Oechsle scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oechsle_scale

    It is named for Ferdinand Oechsle (1774–1852) and it is widely used in the German, Swiss and Luxembourgish wine-making industries. On the Oechsle scale, one degree Oechsle (°Oe) corresponds to one gram of the difference between the mass of one litre of must at 20 °C and 1 kg (the mass of 1 litre of water ).

  6. Carbonic maceration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_maceration

    Carbonic maceration is a winemaking technique, often associated with the French wine region of Beaujolais, in which whole grapes are fermented in a carbon dioxide rich environment before crushing. Conventional alcoholic fermentation involves crushing the grapes to free the juice and pulp from the skin with yeast serving to convert sugar into ...

  7. Glossary of winemaking terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_winemaking_terms

    While a small amount stays presence in the wine as carbonic acid, most of the gas will rise to the surface of the fermentation vessel and attempt to escape into the air. If the fermentation vessel is closed (such as a sealed wine bottle used to make sparkling wine), the gas will dissolve into the wine and when released will make the wine sparkling.

  8. Oenology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oenology

    Oenology (also enology; / iː ˈ n ɒ l ə dʒ i / [1] [2] ee-NOL-o-jee) is the science and study of wine and winemaking.Oenology is distinct from viticulture, which is the science of the growing, cultivation, and harvesting of grapes. [3]

  9. Winkler index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winkler_index

    Early and mid-season table wine varieties will produce good quality wines. Region III 3001–3500 1668–1944 Favorable for high production of standard to good quality table wines. Region IV 3501–4000 1945–2222 Favorable for high production, but acceptable table wine quality at best. Region V 4001–4900 2223–2700