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Senile osteoporosis has been recently recognized as a geriatric syndrome with a particular pathophysiology. There are different classification of osteoporosis: primary, in which bone loss is a result of aging and secondary, in which bone loss occurs from various clinical and lifestyle factors. [1]
Ibandronic acid is a bisphosphonate medication used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and metastasis-associated skeletal fractures in people with cancer. [4] It may also be used to treat hypercalcemia (elevated blood calcium levels). It is typically formulated as its sodium salt ibandronate sodium. [medical citation needed]
It is an effective anabolic (promoting bone formation) agent [15] used in the treatment of some forms of osteoporosis. [13] [16] Teriparatide is a recombinant human parathyroid hormone analog (PTH 1-34). [13] It has an identical sequence to the 34 N-terminal amino acids of the 84-amino acid human parathyroid hormone. [13]
The main groups of drugs involved are anti-resorptive drugs, and anti-angiogenic drugs. This condition was previously known as bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw ( BON or BRONJ ) because osteonecrosis of the jaw correlating with bisphosphonate treatment was frequently encountered, with its first incident occurring in 2003.
Alendronic acid, sold under the brand name Fosamax among others, is a bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. [4] It is taken by mouth. [ 4 ] Use is often recommended together with vitamin D , calcium supplementation , and lifestyle changes.
Abaloparatide, sold under the brand name Tymlos among others, is a parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) analog medication used to treat osteoporosis. [2] It is an anabolic (i.e., bone growing) agent.
It is not used to treat osteoporosis. It slows down the action of the osteoclasts (bone-eroding cells), possibly allowing the osteoblasts (bone-building cells) to build up bone mass. A clinical trial reported in 2001 that it was not effective in prevention or treatment of osteoporosis.
Romosozumab, sold under the brand name Evenity (/ ɪ ˈ v ɛ n ɪ t i / ih-VENN-ih-tee or with the pin-pen merger, / ɪ ˈ v ɪ n ɪ t i / ih-VINN-ih-tee), is a medication used to treat osteoporosis. [7] [8] It has been found to decrease the risk of fractures of the spine. [7] Common side effects include headache, joint pain, and injection site ...