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The spectral test is a statistical test for the quality of a class of pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs), the linear congruential generators (LCGs). [1] LCGs have a property that when plotted in 2 or more dimensions, lines or hyperplanes will form, on which all possible outputs can be found. [ 2 ]
The spectral test, which is a simple test of an LCG's quality, measures this spacing and allows a good multiplier to be chosen. The plane spacing depends both on the modulus and the multiplier. A large enough modulus can reduce this distance below the resolution of double precision numbers.
The Lehmer random number generator [1] (named after D. H. Lehmer), sometimes also referred to as the Park–Miller random number generator (after Stephen K. Park and Keith W. Miller), is a type of linear congruential generator (LCG) that operates in multiplicative group of integers modulo n. The general formula is
Welch's method, named after Peter D. Welch, is an approach for spectral density estimation.It is used in physics, engineering, and applied mathematics for estimating the power of a signal at different frequencies.
Least-squares spectral analysis (LSSA) is a method of estimating a frequency spectrum based on a least-squares fit of sinusoids to data samples, similar to Fourier analysis. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Fourier analysis, the most used spectral method in science, generally boosts long-periodic noise in the long and gapped records; LSSA mitigates such problems. [ 3 ]
Spectrum analysis can be used at audio frequencies to analyse the harmonics of an audio signal. A typical application is to measure the distortion of a nominally sinewave signal; a very-low-distortion sinewave is used as the input to equipment under test, and a spectrum analyser can examine the output, which will have added distortion products ...
This is the template test cases page for the sandbox of Template:Bar chart Purge this page to update the examples. If there are many examples of a complicated template, later ones may break due to limits in MediaWiki ; see the HTML comment " NewPP limit report " in the rendered page.
Discrete geometric analysis created and developed by Toshikazu Sunada in the 2000s deals with spectral graph theory in terms of discrete Laplacians associated with weighted graphs, [18] and finds application in various fields, including shape analysis. In most recent years, the spectral graph theory has expanded to vertex-varying graphs often ...