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Liberty's Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World (2012) excerpt and text search; Thomas B. Allen. Tories: Fighting for the King in America's First Civil War (2011) excerpt and text search; Ronald Rees, Land of the Loyalists: Their struggle to shape the Maritimes, Nimbus, 146 p., 2000, ISBN 1-55109-274-3.
Our First Civil War: Patriots and Loyalists in the American Revolution. New York: Anchor Books 2022. ISBN 978-0-593-08256-0; Brannon, Rebecca. From Revolution to Reunion: The Reintegration of the South Carolina Loyalists. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press 2016. ISBN 978-1-61117-668-1; Brown, Wallace. "The Loyalists and the American ...
Sir John Wentworth, 1st Baronet (1737–1820), last Royal Governor of New Hampshire at the time of the American Revolution; Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia [43] Charles Woodmason (c. 1720 –1789), Church of England missionary in South Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland, diarist, poet, and corresponding member of the Royal Society of Arts, London.
The defeated Tories of the Revolution became the United Empire Loyalists of Canada, the first large-scale group of English-speaking immigrants to many parts of that country, and one which did much to shape Canadian institutions and the Canadian character. Loyalists became leaders in the new English-speaking Canadian colonies.
During the American Revolution, these persons became known primarily as Loyalists. Afterward, some 15% of Loyalists emigrated north to the remaining British territories in the Canadas. There they called themselves the United Empire Loyalists. 85% of the Loyalists decided to stay in the new United States and were granted American citizenship.
The history of the United States from 1776 to 1789 was marked by the nation's transition from the American Revolutionary War to the establishment of a novel constitutional order. As a result of the American Revolution , the thirteen British colonies emerged as a newly independent nation, the United States of America , between 1776 and 1789.
According to historian Robert Middlekauff, "Americans had become almost completely self-governing" before the American Revolution (see Salutary neglect). [26] During the French and Indian War (1754–1763), the British government fielded 45,000 soldiers, half British Regulars and half colonial volunteers. The colonies also contributed money to ...
Benjamin Lincoln served as Secretary of War from 1781 until the end of the Revolutionary War in 1783. He was eventually succeeded by Henry Knox , who held the position from 1785 to 1789. Robert Livingston served as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs from 1781 to 1783, and he was followed in office by John Jay , who served from 1784 to 1789.