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CD11c, also known as Integrin, alpha X (complement component 3 receptor 4 subunit) (ITGAX), is a gene that encodes for CD11c . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] CD11c is an integrin alpha X chain protein.
A knockout mouse (left) that is a model for obesity, compared with a normal mouse. There are several thousand different strains of knockout mice. [3] Many mouse models are named after the gene that has been inactivated.
[2] [3] Many of the targeted alleles are designed so that they can generate both complete and conditional gene knockout mice. [3] [4] The IKMC was initiated on March 15, 2007, at a meeting in Brussels. By 2011, Nature reported that approximately 17,000 different genes have already been disabled by the consortium, "leaving only around 3,000 more ...
Gene knock-in originated as a slight modification of the original knockout technique developed by Martin Evans, Oliver Smithies, and Mario Capecchi.Traditionally, knock-in techniques have relied on homologous recombination to drive targeted gene replacement, although other methods using a transposon-mediated system to insert the target gene have been developed. [3]
In addition, it has been used to engineer stably modified human embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell (IPSCs) clones and human erythroid cell lines, [11] [28] to generate knockout C. elegans, [12] knockout rats, [13] knockout mice, [29] and knockout zebrafish. [14] [30] Moreover, the method can be used to generate knockin organisms.
Originally they were described as nu and this was updated to Hfh11nu when the mutated gene was identified as a mutation in the HNF-3/forkhead homolog 11 gene. Then in 2000, the gene responsible for the mutation was identified as a member of the Fox gene family and the nomenclature was updated to Foxn1nu.
[23] [24] However it took another eight years before transgenic mice were developed that passed the transgene to their offspring. [25] [26] Genetically modified mice were created in 1984 that carried cloned oncogenes, predisposing them to developing cancer. [27] Mice with genes knocked out (knockout mouse) were created in 1989.
In 1990, the gene knockout technique was just developing. There was a lack of information on the initial events that occur throughout the development of the vertebrate embryo . In order to form a better understanding, the instructions for making an entire set of DNA in a person or organism need be dissected, and the genes involved with this ...