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Sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 Is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SARM1 gene. It is the most evolutionarily conserved member of the Toll/Interleukin receptor-1 (TIR) family. [5] [6] SARM1's TIR domain has intrinsic NADase enzymatic activity that is highly conserved from archaea, plants, nematode worms, fruit flies, and humans.
The toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) homology domain is an intracellular signaling domain found in MyD88, SARM1, interleukin-1 receptors, toll receptors and many plant R proteins. It contains three highly conserved regions, and mediates protein-protein interactions between the toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signal-transduction components.
Examples of proteins that contain armadillo repeats include β-catenin, Sarm1 , [4] α-importin, [5] plakoglobin, [6] adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), [7] and many others. The term armadillo derives from the historical name of the β-catenin gene in the fruitfly Drosophila where the armadillo repeat was first discovered.
The presence of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain is one of the key hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. These irregular clumps of protein are closely associated with disease progression.
SARM1 is a Toll-like receptor protein and also functions as a intracellular NADase. [3] Under normal circumstances NADase activity are inhibited in the presence of NAD+, where NAD+ binds to armadillo/heat motifs (ARMs), which inhibits the dimerization of the toll-like receptor domain that activates the NADase activity. [3]
IL-1R signalization activates immune response by activation of transcription of IL-1 target genes such as IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, COX-2, IκBα, IL-1α, IL-1β, MKP-1. Components of signalization pathway of IL-1R which are involved in cellular response to IL-1 also mediate responses to other cytokines ( IL-18 and IL-33 ), Toll-like receptors (TLRs ...
In addition to the regulation of gene expression by nuclear AR, membrane associated AR is known to have rapid non-genomic effects on cells through signal transduction cascades. Non-genomic effects appear to significantly contribute to the anabolic effects of androgens whereas genomic effects are primarily responsible for the development of male ...
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein is a plasticity protein that in humans is encoded by the ARC gene. The gene is believed to derive from a retrotransposon. [5] The protein is found in the neurons of tetrapods and other animals where it can form virus-like capsids that transport RNA between neurons. [5]
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