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Score voting is used to elect candidates who represent parties in Latvia's Saeima (parliament) in an open list system. [10]The selection process for the Secretary-General of the United Nations uses a variant on a three-point scale ("Encourage", "Discourage", and "No Opinion"), with permanent members of the United Nations Security Council holding a veto over any candidate.
Score voting (also called range voting) — is simply approval voting where voters can give a wider range of scores than 0 or 1 (e.g. 0-5 or 0–7). Combined approval voting — form of score voting with three levels that uses a scale of (-1, 0, +1) or (0, .5, 1). D21 – Janeček method — limited to two approval and one negative vote per voter.
[1] [2] The name (an allusion to star ratings) stands for "Score Then Automatic Runoff", referring to the fact that this system is a combination of score voting, to pick two finalists with the highest total scores, followed by an "automatic runoff" in which the finalist who is preferred on more ballots wins.
It chooses the top 2 candidates by score voting, who then advance to a runoff round (where the candidate is elected by a simple plurality). Any hybrid of a ranked and rated voting system that reduces to majority rule when only two candidates are running fails independence of irrelevant alternatives due to the Condorcet paradox.
Combined approval voting (CAV) is an electoral system where each voter may express approval, disapproval, or indifference toward each candidate. [1] The winner is the candidate with the highest score, which is determined by subtracting the number of approval votes by the number of disapproval votes. It is a cardinal system and a variant of ...
Plurality voting is the most common voting system, and has been in widespread use since the earliest democracies.As plurality voting has exhibited weaknesses from its start, especially as soon as a third party joins the race, some individuals turned to transferable votes (facilitated by contingent ranked ballots) to reduce the incidence of wasted votes and unrepresentative election results.
Nanson's and Baldwin's methods are Condorcet-consistent voting methods based on the Borda score. Both are run as series of elimination rounds analogous to instant-runoff voting . In the first case, in each round every candidate with less than the average Borda score is eliminated; in the second, the candidate with lowest score is eliminated.
Most rated voting systems, including approval and score voting, satisfy the criterion as well. Best-is-worst paradoxes can occur in ranked-choice runoff voting (RCV) and minimax . A well-known example is the 2022 Alaska special election , where candidate Mary Peltola was both the winner and anti-winner.