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The odometer was also independently invented in ancient China, [3] possibly by the prolific inventor and early scientist Zhang Heng (78 AD – 139 AD) of the Han dynasty. By the 3rd century (during the Three Kingdoms Period), the Chinese had termed the device as the 'jì lĭ gŭ chē' (記里鼓車), or ' li -recording drum carriage' (Note: the ...
Bematist (Ancient Greek: βηματιστής), plural bematists or bematistae (Ancient Greek: βηματισταί), meaning 'step measurer' (from βῆμα (bema), meaning 'pace'), were specialists in ancient Greece and ancient Egypt who measured distances by pacing. [1]
The Romans used various ancient timekeeping devices. According to Pliny , Sundials , or shadow clocks, were first introduced to Rome when a Greek sundial captured from the Samnites was set up publicly around 293-290 BC., [ 2 ] with another early known example being imported from Sicily in 263 BC. [ 8 ]
Ancient civilizations observed astronomical bodies, often the Sun and Moon, to determine time. [1] According to the historian Eric Bruton, Stonehenge is likely to have been the Stone Age equivalent of an astronomical observatory , used for seasonal and annual events such as equinoxes or solstices . [ 2 ]
An odometer for measuring distance was first described by Vitruvius around 27 and 23 BC, although the actual inventor may have been Archimedes of Syracuse (c. 287 BC – c. 212 BC). It was based on chariot wheels turning 400 times in one Roman mile. For each revolution a pin on the axle engaged a 400 tooth cogwheel, thus turning it one complete ...
The origins of the surveyor's wheel are connected to the origins of the odometer. While the latter is derived to measure distances travelled by a vehicle, the former is specialized to measure distances. In the 17th century, the surveyor's wheel was re-introduced and used to measure distances.
Ancient Greek units of measurement varied according to location and epoch. Systems of ancient weights and measures evolved as needs changed; Solon and other lawgivers also reformed them en bloc . [ citation needed ] Some units of measurement were found to be convenient for trade within the Mediterranean region and these units became ...
Yojana – a Vedic measure of distance used in ancient India. Its value was about 10 km (6.2 mi), although the exact value is disputed among scholars (between 8 and 13 km or 5 and 8 mi) Its value was about 10 km (6.2 mi), although the exact value is disputed among scholars (between 8 and 13 km or 5 and 8 mi)