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Myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform (MLC-2) also known as the regulatory light chain of myosin (RLC) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYL2 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This cardiac ventricular RLC isoform is distinct from that expressed in skeletal muscle ( MYLPF ), smooth muscle ( MYL12B ) and cardiac atrial ...
Atrial Light Chain-2 (ALC-2) also known as Myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform (MLC2a) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYL7 gene. [5] [6] ALC-2 expression is restricted to cardiac muscle atria in healthy individuals, where it functions to modulate cardiac development and contractility.
Structurally, myosin light chains belong to the EF-hand family, a large family of Ca 2+ - binding proteins. MLCs contain two Ca 2+ - binding EF-hand motifs. MLCs isoforms modulate the Ca 2+ of force transduction and cross-bridge kinetics. Myosin light chains (MLCs) can be broadly classified into two groups: Essential or alkali MLC (MLC1 or ELC),
Smooth muscle tissue is mostly made of actin and myosin, [3] two proteins that interact together to produce muscle contraction and relaxation. Myosin II, also known as conventional myosin, has two heavy chains that consist of the head and tail domains and four light chains (two per head) that bind to the heavy chains in the “neck” region.
In smooth muscle, a single gene [20]) codes for the heavy chains myosin II, but splice variants of this gene result in four distinct isoforms. [19] It also contains 4 myosin light chains (MLC), resulting in 2 per head, weighing 20 (MLC 20) and 17 (MLC 17) kDa. [19] These bind the heavy chains in the "neck" region between the head and tail.
Myosin light chain pulls the actin stress fiber attached to the cadherin, resisting the force of the adjacent cell's cadherin. However, when the inward pulling force of the actin stress fiber becomes greater than the outward pulling force of the cell adhesion molecules due to an overactive MYLK, tissues can become slightly pulled apart and ...
AL amyloidosis is caused by the deposition of abnormal antibody free light chains. The abnormal light chains are produced by monoclonal plasma cells, and, although AL amyloidosis can occur without diagnosis of another disorder, it is often associated with other plasma cell disorders, such as multiple myeloma and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. [6]
Myosin light chain kinase 4 also known as MYLK4 is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the MYLK2 gene. [2] MYLK4 is a member of the myosin light-chain kinase family of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that phosphorylate the regulatory light chain of myosin II.
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