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Loperamide, sold under the brand name Imodium, among others, [1] is a medication of the opioid receptor agonist class used to decrease the frequency of diarrhea. [5] [4] It is often used for this purpose in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, short bowel syndrome, [4] Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. [5]
By binding to μ-opioid receptors, loperamide inhibits acetylcholine release and decreases excitation of neurons in the myenteric plexus, which leads to a decrease in peristalsis. [4] Decreasing intestinal motility prolongs the transit time of food content through the digestive tract, which allows for more fluid absorption; thereby alleviating ...
Difenoxin has a high peripheral/central actions ratio, working primarily on various opioid receptors in the intestines. [7] Although it is capable of producing significant central effects at high doses, doses within the normal therapeutic range generally do not notably impair cognition or proprioception , resulting in therapeutic activity ...
For example, most opioids cause sedation when given at a sufficiently high dose, but peripherally selective opioids can act on the rest of the body without entering the brain and are less likely to cause sedation. [1] These peripherally selective opioids can be used as antidiarrheals, for instance loperamide (Imodium). [2]
According to American Family Physician, 4% to 6% of people may experience seasonal depression, while as many as 10% to 20% may have a mild case of SAD. The condition is four times more common in ...
Top Prescription Weight Loss Pills. Anti-obesity medications (AOMs) date back to the 1940s — well before modern regulations from the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) (FDA) were in place ...
Frequent exposure to victimization or bullying was related to high risks of depression, ideation and suicide attempts compared to those not involved in bullying. [24] Nicotine dependence is also associated with depression, anxiety, and poor dieting, mostly in young men. [25]
Psychosis risk increases 81% on high-dose amphetamine For this study, researchers analyzed medical data from adults between the ages of 16 and 35 treated at Mass General Brigham between 2005 and 2019.