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Equity method in accounting is the process of treating investments in associate companies.Equity accounting is usually applied where an investor entity holds 20–50% of the voting stock of the associate company, and therefore has significant influence on the latter's management.
Accounting for Income Taxes—Investments in Common Stock Accounted for by the Equity Method (Other than Subsidiaries and Corporate Joint Ventures) full-text: Apr. 1972 Parts deleted; Superseded by FASB Statement 96, para. 203(d), and FASB Statement 109, para. 286(d) 25. Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees full-text: Oct. 1972 Amended
Accounting for an Unused Investment Tax Credit—an interpretation of APB Opinions No. 2, 4, 11, and 16 Sept. 1978: Parts deleted; Superseded by FASB Statement 96, para. 203(l), and FASB Statement 109, para. 286(o) 26. Accounting for Purchase of a Leased Asset by the Lessee during the Term of the Lease—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 13
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) [a] is the accounting standard adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), [1] and is the default accounting standard used by companies based in the United States.
The underlying idea is that investors require a rate of return from their resources – i.e. equity – under the control of the firm's management, compensating them for their opportunity cost and accounting for the level of risk resulting. This rate of return is the cost of equity, and a formal equity cost must be subtracted from net income.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities, commonly known as "FAS 115", is an accounting standard issued during May 1993 by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), which became effective for entities with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1993. [8] [9]
These include single-rule methods and variable size rule methods. [14] Single rule methods: 5% of pre-tax income; 0.5% of total assets; 1% of equity; 1% of total revenue. "Sliding scale" or variable-size methods: 2% to 5% of gross profit if less than $20,000; 1% to 2% of gross profit, if gross profit is more than $20,000 but less than $1,000,000;
The accounting equation plays a significant role as the foundation of the double-entry bookkeeping system. The primary aim of the double-entry system is to keep track of debits and credits and ensure that the sum of these always matches up to the company assets, a calculation carried out by the accounting equation.