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Ugarit, where the Hurrian songs were found. The complete song is one of about 36 such hymns in cuneiform writing, found on fragments of clay tablets excavated in the 1950s from the Royal Palace at Ugarit (present-day Ras Shamra, Syria), [5] in a stratum dating from the fourteenth century BC, [6] but is the only one surviving in substantially complete form.
Hurrian Hymn No. 6, the "Hymn to Nikkal", is considered to be the oldest surviving substantially complete written music in the world. [136] At least five interpretations of this tablet have been made in an attempt to reconstruct the music, [137] notably by Anne Draffkorn Kilmer, Marcelle Duchesne-Guillemin, Raoul Vitale, and others.
One well known example of such a Hurrian hymn comes from Ugarit and is dedicated to Nikkal. [152] A genre of Hurrian songs whose name, zinzabuššiya, is derived from that of an unidentified bird, was associated with the worship of Šauška according to Hittite documents. [96] Divination is well attested as an element of Hurrian religious ...
He is mentioned in texts from Ugarit and Hattusa [148] and in a hymn to Teššub from Halab. [149] In myths about Kumarbi, he is one of his allies. [150] Kubaba: Carchemish, [151] Alalakh [152] Syrian [142] Hurrian texts provide little information about Kubaba's character. [153] According to Alfonso Archi, she was regarded as the goddess of ...
Raoul Gregory Vitale (12 February 1928 – 29 September 2003) was a Syrian musicologist who introduced the total description of the ancient Babylonian musical scales used in Music of Mesopotamia and Near East, and also a complete interpretation of the musical notation of the Hurrian Hymn 6 discovered in Ugarit which is considered to be the first known complete musical notation.
While older music with notation exists (e.g. the Hurrian songs or the Delphic Hymns), all of it is in fragments; the Seikilos epitaph is unique in that it is a complete, though short, composition. Based on its structure and language, the artifact is generally understood to have been an epitaph (a tombstone inscription) created by a man named ...
Influence from the Hurrians who lived to the east of the Hittites only came relatively late. In the later period of the Hittite empire, they had a great influence on the Hittite mythology. The oldest complete piece of musical notation is a Hurrian hymn from Ugarit. [1] Hittite musical history can be divided into three periods.
Nikkal had a prominent position in the Hurrian pantheon, and Alfonso Archi highlights that she is the only spouse of a Mesopotamian deity incorporated into the Hurrian pantheon who also appears in Hurrian sources on her own. [7] Areas in which she was worshiped included the Hurrian kingdom of Kizzuwatna, the Hittite Empire and Ugarit. [9]