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An accessory navicular bone is an accessory bone of the foot that occasionally develops abnormally in front of the ankle towards the inside of the foot. This bone may be present in approximately 2-21% of the general population and is usually asymptomatic. [1] [2] [3] When it is symptomatic, surgery may be necessary.
The navicular, deriving its name from its boat–like shape, is a small but critical bone. It connects the ankle with the bones of the foot. It articulates with five tarsal bones (talus, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones) forming slightly mobile syndesmotic joints and has a significant function in
The term navicular bone or hand navicular bone was formerly used for the scaphoid bone, [1] one of the carpal bones of the wrist. The navicular bone in humans is located on the medial side of the foot, and articulates proximally with the talus, distally with the three cuneiform bones, and laterally with the cuboid.
This bone may be present in approximately 2–21% of the general population and is usually asymptomatic. [18] [19] [20] When it is symptomatic, surgery may be necessary. The Geist classification divides the accessory navicular bones into three types. [20] Type 1: An os tibiale externum is a 2–3 mm sesamoid bone in the distal posterior ...
Osteomyelitis, a bone infection, may leave the adjacent bone with exostosis formation. Charcot foot, the neuropathic breakdown of the feet seen primarily in diabetics, can also leave bone spurs that may then become symptomatic. They normally form on the bones of joints, and can grow upwards.
The dorsal ligaments are three small bundles, one attached to each of the cuneiform bones. The bundle connecting the navicular with the medial cuneiform bone is continuous around the medial side of the articulation with the plantar ligament which unites these two bones.
The height of a person's arch is determined by the height of the navicular bone. Collapse of the longitudinal arches results in what is known as flat feet. [5] A person with a low longitudinal arch, or flat feet will likely stand and walk with their feet in a pronated position, where the foot everts or rolls inward.
The dorsal cuneonavicular ligaments consist of fibrous bands that join the dorsal surface of the navicular bone to the dorsal surfaces of the three cuneiform bones.