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where t R is the retention time and w b is the peak width at baseline. The bigger the time-difference and/or the smaller the bandwidths, the better the resolution of the compounds. The bigger the time-difference and/or the smaller the bandwidths, the better the resolution of the compounds.
In order to calculate the average and standard deviation from aggregate data, it is necessary to have available for each group: the total of values (Σx i = SUM(x)), the number of values (N=COUNT(x)) and the total of squares of the values (Σx i 2 =SUM(x 2)) of each groups.
A special type of area density is called column density (also columnar mass density or simply column density), denoted ρ A or σ. It is the mass of substance per unit area integrated along a path; [ 1 ] It is obtained integrating volumetric density ρ {\displaystyle \rho } over a column: [ 2 ] σ = ∫ ρ d s . {\displaystyle \sigma =\int \rho ...
The second meaning of "aggregation problem" is the theoretical difficulty in using and treating laws and theorems that include aggregate variables. A typical example is the aggregate production function. [2] Another famous problem is Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu theorem. Most of macroeconomic statements comprise this problem.
A sieve analysis (or gradation test) is a practice or procedure used in geology, civil engineering, [1] and chemical engineering [2] to assess the particle size distribution (also called gradation) of a granular material by allowing the material to pass through a series of sieves of progressively smaller mesh size and weighing the amount of material that is stopped by each sieve as a fraction ...
Editor's note: Live updates on the tragedy in New Orleans and the status of the Sugar Bowl can be found here.. We have answered the first big question of the expanded college football playoff era.
Billy Bob Thornton is more than happy to play a foul-mouthed Santa (“Bad Santa”) or a high school football coach (“Friday Night Lights”) or a NASA scientist (“Armageddon”), but one ...
Federal food regulators raised their alarm for recalled eggs sold from Costco stores over possible salmonella exposure, reclassifying the targeted product to its highest risk level.