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  2. Edwin Stanton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Stanton

    David Stanton's medical practice afforded him and his family a decent living. When David Stanton suddenly died in December 1827 at his residence, [ 9 ] Edwin and family were left destitute. [ 10 ] Edwin's mother opened a store in the front room of their residence, selling the medical supplies her husband left her, along with books, stationery ...

  3. Double Jeopardy Clause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Jeopardy_Clause

    The Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides: "[N]or shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb..." [1] The four essential protections included are prohibitions against, for the same offense: retrial after an acquittal; retrial after a conviction;

  4. Triple oppression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_oppression

    Triple oppression, also called double jeopardy, Jane Crow, or triple exploitation, is a theory developed by black socialists in the United States, such as Claudia Jones. The theory states that a connection exists between various types of oppression , specifically classism , racism , and sexism .

  5. List of landmark court decisions in the United States

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_landmark_court...

    United States v. Windsor, 570 U.S. 744 (2013) Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (1 U.S.C. § 7), which defines—for federal law purposes—the terms "marriage" and "spouse" to apply only to marriages between one man and one woman, is a deprivation of the equal liberty of the person protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment.

  6. Habeas corpus in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habeas_corpus_in_the...

    In United States law, habeas corpus (/ ˈ h eɪ b i ə s ˈ k ɔːr p ə s /) is a recourse challenging the reasons or conditions of a person's confinement under color of law.A petition for habeas corpus is filed with a court that has jurisdiction over the custodian, and if granted, a writ is issued directing the custodian to bring the confined person before the court for examination into ...

  7. Dred Scott v. Sandford - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 19 January 2025. 1857 U.S. Supreme Court case on the citizenship of African-Americans 1857 United States Supreme Court case Dred Scott v. Sandford Supreme Court of the United States Argued February 11–14, 1856 Reargued December 15–18, 1856 Decided March 6, 1857 Full case name Dred Scott v. John F. A ...

  8. Timbs v. Indiana - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbs_v._Indiana

    Timbs v. Indiana, 586 U.S. 146 (2019), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court considered whether the excessive fines clause of the Constitution's Eighth Amendment applies to state and local governments.

  9. Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adarand_Constructors,_Inc...

    Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña, 515 U.S. 200 (1995), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case which held that racial classifications, imposed by the federal government, must be analyzed under a standard of "strict scrutiny", the most stringent level of review which requires that racial classifications be narrowly tailored to further compelling governmental interests. [1]