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The mixture of cannabinoids produced by a plant is known as the plant's cannabinoid profile. Selective breeding has been used to control the genetics of plants and modify the cannabinoid profile. For example, strains that are used as fiber (commonly called hemp ) are bred such that they are low in psychoactive chemicals like THC.
Cannabinoids (/ k ə ˈ n æ b ə n ɔɪ d z ˌ ˈ k æ n ə b ə n ɔɪ d z /) are compounds found in the cannabis plant or synthetic compounds that can interact with the endocannabinoid system. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The most notable cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (Delta-9-THC), the primary intoxicating compound in cannabis .
In 2006, it was discovered that H4CBD has a binding affinity of 145 nM at the CB1 receptor and potential anti-inflammatory effects independent of its cannabinoid receptor action. [2] In contrast, CBD has been found to bind to the CB1 receptor as an inverse agonist/antagonist with a K i ranging from 3.3 to 4.8 mM.
The Δ 8 isomer is known as a synthetic cannabinoid under the code name JWH-130, [7] and the ring-opened analogue cannibidibutol (CBDB) is also known. [8] THC-Butyl can be synthesized from 4-butylresorcinol .
Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), is a cannabinoid produced in cannabis plants. [1] It is the precursor to cannabidiol (CBD). It is most abundant in the glandular trichomes on the female seedless flowers or more accurately infructescence often colloquially referred to as buds or flowers.
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During plant growth, most of the CBG is converted into other cannabinoids, primarily tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or cannabidiol (CBD), leaving about 1% CBG in the plant. [8] Some strains, however, produce larger amounts of CBG and CBGA, while having low quantities of other cannabinoids, like THC and CBD. [9] The pharmacodynamics of CBG are complex.
Long-term adverse effects may include addiction, decreased mental ability in those who started regular use as adolescents, [4] chronic coughing, susceptibility to respiratory infections, and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Cannabis is mostly used recreationally or as a medicinal drug, although it may also be used for spiritual purposes.