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The mixture of cannabinoids produced by a plant is known as the plant's cannabinoid profile. Selective breeding has been used to control the genetics of plants and modify the cannabinoid profile. For example, strains that are used as fiber (commonly called hemp ) are bred such that they are low in psychoactive chemicals like THC.
Cannabinoids (/ k ə ˈ n æ b ə n ɔɪ d z ˌ ˈ k æ n ə b ə n ɔɪ d z /) are compounds found in the cannabis plant or synthetic compounds that can interact with the endocannabinoid system. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The most notable cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (Delta-9-THC), the primary intoxicating compound in cannabis .
The production of the cannabinoids THC and CBD are a result of a series of chemical reactions, and are just two types of over a hundred that are known. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Inside the transcriptomes of glandular trichomes in the cannabis plant, the pathway for cannabinoid production takes place. [ 9 ]
7-Hydroxycannabidiol (7-OH-CBD) is an active metabolite of cannabidiol, generated in the body from cannabidiol by the action of the enzyme CYP2C19. [1] While methods have been developed for its synthetic production, [2] and measurement of levels in the body following consumption of cannabidiol, [3] its pharmacology has been relatively little studied, though it has been found to possess similar ...
CBN was the first cannabinoid to be isolated from cannabis extract in the late 1800s. Specifically, it was discovered by Barlow Wood, Newton Spivey, and Easterfield in 1896. [ 21 ] In the early 1930s, CBN's structure was identified by Cahn , [ 22 ] [ 23 ] marking the first development of a cannabis extract .
In 2006, it was discovered that H4CBD has a binding affinity of 145 nM at the CB1 receptor and potential anti-inflammatory effects independent of its cannabinoid receptor action. [2] In contrast, CBD has been found to bind to the CB1 receptor as an inverse agonist/antagonist with a K i ranging from 3.3 to 4.8 mM.
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[5] [6] The compound is the decarboxylated form of cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), the parent molecule from which other cannabinoids are biosynthesized. [ 2 ] [ 7 ] During plant growth, most of the CBG is converted into other cannabinoids, primarily tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or cannabidiol (CBD), leaving about 1% CBG in the plant. [ 8 ]