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The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (aka Essential Medicines List for Children [1] or EMLc [1]), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe in children up to twelve years of age to meet the most important needs in a health system.
Levocetirizine, sold under the brand name Xyzal, among others, is a second-generation antihistamine used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and long-term hives of unclear cause. [3] It is less sedating than older antihistamines. [4] It is taken by mouth. [3] Common side effects include sleepiness, dry mouth, cough, vomiting, and ...
The core items are deemed to be the most cost-effective options for key health problems and are usable with little additional health care resources. [4] The complementary items either require additional infrastructure such as specially trained health care providers or diagnostic equipment or have a lower cost–benefit ratio. [4]
The pharmacokinetics of cetirizine have been found to increase linearly with dose across a range of 5 to 60 mg. [3] Its C max following a single dose has been found to be 257 ng/mL for 10 mg and 580 ng/mL for 20 mg. [2] Food has no effect on the bioavailability of cetirizine but has been found to delay the T max by 1.7 hours (i.e., to ...
The WHO guidelines recommend prompt oral administration of drugs ("by the mouth") when pain occurs, starting, if the patient is not in severe pain, with non-opioid drugs such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) or aspirin, [1] with or without "adjuvants" such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including COX-2 inhibitors.
Antihistamines are usually for short-term treatment. [1] Chronic allergies increase the risk of health problems which antihistamines might not treat, including asthma, sinusitis, and lower respiratory tract infection. [1] Consultation of a medical professional is recommended for those who intend to take antihistamines for longer-term use. [1]
The approach to acute pain should take into account the severity of the pain. Non-opioid analgesics, such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) and NSAIDs, can be used alone to treat mild pain. [1] For moderate to severe pain, it is optimal to use a combination of multiple agents, including opioid and non-opioid agents. [1]
Cold medicines are a group of medications taken individually or in combination as a treatment for the symptoms of the common cold and similar conditions of the upper respiratory tract. The term encompasses a broad array of drugs, including analgesics , antihistamines and decongestants , among many others.