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  2. Is the glass half empty or half full? - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is_the_glass_half_empty_or...

    Josiah Stamp is often given credit for introducing it in a 1935 speech, but although he did help to popularize it, a variant regarding a car's gas tank occurs in print with the optimism/pessimism connotations as early as 1929, and the glass-with-water version is mentioned simply as an intellectual paradox about the quantity of water (without ...

  3. Connotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connotation

    Alternatively, the connotation of the word may be thought of as the set of all its possible referents (as opposed to merely the actual ones). A word's denotation is the collection of things it refers to; its connotation is what it implies about the things it is used to refer to (a second level of meanings is termed connotative). The connotation ...

  4. Hope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope

    Hope is an optimistic state of mind that is based on an expectation of positive outcomes with respect to events and circumstances in one's own life, or the world at large. [1] As a verb, Merriam-Webster defines hope as "to expect with confidence" or "to cherish a desire with anticipation".

  5. The Seven Basic Plots - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seven_Basic_Plots

    The Seven Basic Plots: Why We Tell Stories is a 2004 book by Christopher Booker containing a Jung-influenced analysis of stories and their psychological meaning. Booker worked on the book for 34 years.

  6. Motif (narrative) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motif_(narrative)

    A theme is usually defined as a message, statement, or idea, while a motif is simply a detail repeated for larger symbolic meaning. In other words, a narrative motif—a detail repeated in a pattern of meaning—can produce a theme; but it can also create other narrative aspects.

  7. Loaded language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loaded_language

    Politicians employ euphemisms, [12] and study how to use them effectively: which words to use or avoid using to gain political advantage or disparage an opponent. . Speechwriter and journalist Richard Heller gives the example that it is common for a politician to advocate "investment in public services," because it has a more favorable connotation than "publ

  8. Optimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimism

    In ordinary English, optimism may be synonymous with idealism—often, unrealistic or foolish optimism in particular. The term derives from the Latin optimum, meaning "best". To be optimistic, in the typical sense of the word, is to expect the best possible outcome from any given situation. [1]

  9. List of narrative techniques - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_narrative_techniques

    Name Definition Example Setting as a form of symbolism or allegory: The setting is both the time and geographic location within a narrative or within a work of fiction; sometimes, storytellers use the setting as a way to represent deeper ideas, reflect characters' emotions, or encourage the audience to make certain connections that add complexity to how the story may be interpreted.