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In frequency (and thus energy), UV rays sit between the violet end of the visible spectrum and the X-ray range. The UV wavelength spectrum ranges from 399 nm to 10 nm and is divided into 3 sections: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UV is the lowest energy range energetic enough to ionize atoms, separating electrons from them, and thus causing chemical reactions.
Optical radiation is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths between 100 nm and 1 mm. [1] [2] This range includes visible light, infrared light, and part of the ultraviolet spectrum. [3] Optical radiation is non-ionizing, [4] and can be focused with lenses and manipulated by other optical elements.
UV classifications include UVA (320-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm) and UVC (200-280 nm). UV-absorbing compounds are used not only in sunscreen, but also in other personal care products, such as lipstick, shampoo, hair spray, body wash, toilet soap, and insect repellent. [2]
These lamps emit ultraviolet light with two peaks in the UVC band at 253.7 nm and 185 nm due to the mercury within the lamp, as well as some visible light. From 85% to 90% of the UV produced by these lamps is at 253.7 nm, whereas only 5–10% is at 185 nm. [ 39 ]
The Fitzpatrick scale is not sufficient to precisely estimate the minimum radiation dose needed for sunburn. Research has found broad variation within and between populations, e.g. for skin type V subjects the MED in the US is 60–100 mJ/cm 2 vs. 120–240 mJ/cm 2 in Taiwan. [29] Neglecting weighting, 9 mJ/cm 2 is 1 UV index hour.
Similarly, young subjects may perceive ultraviolet wavelengths down to about 310–313 nm, [26] [27] [28] but detection of light below 380 nm may be due to fluorescence of the ocular media, rather than direct absorption of UV light by the opsins. As UVA light is absorbed by the ocular media (lens and cornea), it may fluoresce and be released at ...
G = 673 nm G BP = 532 nm G RP = 797 nm G RVS = 860 nm Gaia (spacecraft) [12] GALEX [13] NUV = 175–280 nm FUV = 135–175 nm GALaxy Evolution Explorer: GOODS (Hubble ACS) B = 435 nm V = 606 nm i = 775 nm z = 850 nm Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope HAWC+ Band 1 = 53 μm Band 2 = 89 μm Band 3 = 154 μm Band 4 = 214 μm
extreme UV (1–31 nm; abbrev. EUV or XUV). Only near UV is of interest for UV photography, for several reasons. Ordinary air is opaque to wavelengths below about 200 nm, and most transparent lens glass is opaque below about 180 nm. UV photographers subdivide the near UV into: Long wave UV that extends from 320 to 400 nm, also called UV-A,
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