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The Humanist Way: An introduction to ethical humanist religion (1988). ISBN 978-0804421768; Frankel, Charles. The Case for Modern Man (1956). ISBN 978-1199637154; Hook, Sidney. Out of Step: An Unquiet Life in the 20th century (1987). ISBN 978-0060156329; Huxley, Julian. Essay of a Humanist (1964). Russell, Bertrand. Why I Am Not a Christian (1957).
Philosopher Theodore Schatzki suggests there are two varieties of posthumanism of the philosophical kind: [18]. One, which he calls "objectivism", tries to counter the overemphasis of the subjective, or intersubjective, that pervades humanism, and emphasises the role of the nonhuman agents, whether they be animals and plants, or computers or other things, because "Humans and nonhumans, it ...
Postmodern psychology is an approach to psychology that questions whether an ultimate or singular version of truth is actually possible within its field. It challenges the modernist view of psychology as the science of the individual, [1] in favour of seeing humans as a cultural/communal product, dominated by language rather than by an inner self.
Postmodern philosophy is a philosophical movement that arose in the second half of the 20th century as a critical response to assumptions allegedly present in modernist philosophical ideas regarding culture, identity, history, or language that were developed during the 18th-century Age of Enlightenment.
In critical theory, the posthuman is a speculative being that represents or seeks to re-conceive the human.It is the object of posthumanist criticism, which critically questions humanism, a branch of humanist philosophy which claims that human nature is a universal state from which the human being emerges; human nature is autonomous, rational, capable of free will, and unified in itself as the ...
Scientific humanism: this emphasizes belief in the scientific method as a component of humanism as described in the works of John Dewey and Julian Huxley; scientific humanism is largely synonymous with secular humanism. [69] Secular humanism: coined in the mid-20th century, it was initially an attempt to denigrate humanism, but some humanist ...
State supremacy is a secular principle that supports obedience to the rule of law over religious diktat or canon law, while internal constraint is a secular principle that opposes governmental control over one's personal life. Under political secularism, the government can enforce how people act but not what they believe.
Postmodernity (post-modernity or the postmodern condition) is the economic or cultural state or condition of society which is said to exist after modernity. [nb 1] Some schools of thought hold that modernity ended in the late 20th century – in the 1980s or early 1990s – and that it was replaced by postmodernity, and still others would extend modernity to cover the developments denoted by ...