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The address 127.0.0.1 is the standard address for IPv4 loopback traffic; the rest are not supported by all operating systems. However, they can be used to set up multiple server applications on the host, all listening on the same port number. In the IPv6 addressing architecture [3] there is only a single address assigned for loopback: ::1. The ...
127.0.0.0/8 127.0.0.0–127.255.255.255 16 777 216: Host Used for loopback addresses to the local host [1] 169.254.0.0/16 169.254.0.0–169.254.255.255 65 536: Subnet Used for link-local addresses [5] between two hosts on a single link when no IP address is otherwise specified, such as would have normally been retrieved from a DHCP server 172 ...
The name localhost is a commonly defined hostname for the loopback interface in most TCP/IP systems, resolving to the IP addresses 127.0.0.1 in IPv4 and ::1 for IPv6.As a top-level domain, the name has traditionally been defined statically in host DNS implementations with address records (A and AAAA) pointing to the same loopback addresses.
"IANA IPv4 Address Space Registry". Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). 21 December 2017 The authoritative up-to-date list of IANA assignments. "ARIN Whois Database". American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) Historical IP address lists: "INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS SPACE".
A public IP address is a globally routable unicast IP address, meaning that the address is not an address reserved for use in private networks, such as those reserved by RFC 1918, or the various IPv6 address formats of local scope or site-local scope, for example for link-local addressing. Public IP addresses may be used for communication ...
Link-local addresses may be assigned manually by an administrator or by automatic operating system procedures. In Internet Protocol (IP) networks, they are assigned most often using stateless address autoconfiguration, a process that often uses a stochastic process to select the value of link-local addresses, assigning a pseudo-random address that is different for each session.
IP addresses in dot-decimal notation are also presented in CIDR notation, in which the IP address is suffixed with a slash and a number, used to specify the length of the associated routing prefix. For example, 127.0.0.1/8 specifies that the IP address has an eight-bit routing prefix, and therefore the subnet mask 255.0.0.0.
Hop-by-hop is the fundamental characteristic of the IP Internet layer [1] and the OSI Network Layer. When a router interface is configured with an IP address and subnet mask, the interface becomes a host on that attached network. A directly connected network is a network that is directly attached to one of the router interfaces.