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In mainstream economics, economic surplus, also known as total welfare or total social welfare or Marshallian surplus (after Alfred Marshall), is either of two related quantities: Consumer surplus, or consumers' surplus, is the monetary gain obtained by consumers because they are able to purchase a product for a price that is less than the ...
The maximization of producer surplus can in some cases reduce consumer surplus. [15] Some forms of producer profit maximization are considered anti-competitive practices and are regulated by competition law. [15] Maximization of short-term producer profit can reduce long-term producer profit, which can be exploited by predatory pricing such as ...
This means that the amount of consumer surplus, the area below the demand curve and above the price, will be lower. [4] The change in overall social surplus of the market depends on whether the increase in producer surplus due to lower production costs is larger or smaller than the fall in consumer surplus due to higher prices. Note that it is ...
In economics, an excess supply, economic surplus [1] market surplus or briefly supply is a situation in which the quantity of a good or service supplied is more than the quantity demanded, [2] and the price is above the equilibrium level determined by supply and demand. That is, the quantity of the product that producers wish to sell exceeds ...
Production is the process of combining various inputs, both material (such as metal, wood, glass, or plastics) and immaterial (such as plans, or knowledge) in order to create output. Ideally this output will be a good or service which has value and contributes to the utility of individuals. [1] The area of economics that focuses on production ...
Business portal. Money portal. v. t. e. In economics, gains from trade are the net benefits to economic agents from being allowed an increase in voluntary trading with each other. In technical terms, they are the increase of consumer surplus [1] plus producer surplus [2] from lower tariffs [3] or otherwise liberalizing trade. [4]
e. A Robinson Crusoe economy is a simple framework used to study some fundamental issues in economics. [1] It assumes an economy with one consumer, one producer and two goods. The title "Robinson Crusoe" is a reference to the 1719 novel of the same name authored by Daniel Defoe. As a thought experiment in economics, many international trade ...
Quasilinear utility. In economics and consumer theory, quasilinear utility functions are linear in one argument, generally the numeraire. Quasilinear preferences can be represented by the utility function where is strictly concave. [1]: 164 A useful property of the quasilinear utility function is that the Marshallian/Walrasian demand for does ...