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140,000 (2021) [9] Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. [10] An epileptic seizure is the clinical manifestation of an abnormal, excessive, and synchronized electrical discharge in the neurons. [1] The occurrence of two or more unprovoked seizures defines epilepsy. [11]
Panayiotopoulos syndrome (named after C. P. Panayiotopoulos) is a common idiopathic childhood-related seizure disorder that occurs exclusively in otherwise normal children (idiopathic epilepsy) and manifests mainly with autonomic epileptic seizures and autonomic status epilepticus. [1] An expert consensus has defined Panayiotopoulos syndrome as ...
Dravet syndrome (DS), previously known as severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI), is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder which causes a catastrophic form of epilepsy, with prolonged seizures that are often triggered by hot temperatures or fever. [ 1 ] It is very difficult to treat with anticonvulsant medications.
A seizure is a period of symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. [6] Outward effects vary from uncontrolled shaking movements involving much of the body with loss of consciousness (tonic-clonic seizure), to shaking movements involving only part of the body with variable levels of consciousness (focal seizure), to a subtle momentary loss of awareness ...
Levetiracetam. Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy. [7] It is used for partial-onset, myoclonic, or tonic–clonic seizures and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein. [7]
Epileptologist. An epileptologist is a neurologist who specializes in the treatment of epilepsy. [1] Epileptologists are experts in epileptic seizures and seizure disorders, anticonvulsants, and special situations involving seizures, such as cases in which all treatment intended to stop seizures has failed and epilepsy (especially poorly ...
Status epilepticus (SE), or status seizure, is a medical condition consisting of a single seizure lasting more than 5 minutes, or 2 or more seizures within a 5-minute period without the person returning to normal between them. [3][1] Previous definitions used a 30-minute time limit. [2] The seizures can be of the tonic–clonic type, with a ...
An epilepsy syndrome is defined as "a characteristic cluster of clinical and Electroencephalography (EEG) features, often supported by specific etiological findings (structural, genetic, metabolic, immune, and infectious)." [1] Syndromes are characterized by seizure types and specific findings on EEGs. Epilepsy syndromes often begin, and may ...