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The FMO3 gene makes an enzyme that breaks down nitrogen-containing compounds from the diet, including trimethylamine. These compounds are produced by bacteria in the intestine as they digest proteins from eggs, meat, soy, and other foods. Normally, the FMO3 enzyme converts fishy-smelling trimethylamine into trimethylamine N-oxide which
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is an organic compound with the formula (CH 3) 3 NO. It is in the class of amine oxides. Although the anhydrous compound is known, trimethylamine N-oxide is usually encountered as the dihydrate. Both the anhydrous and hydrated materials are white, water-soluble solids.
FMO3 is the primary enzyme in humans which catalyzes the N-oxidation of trimethylamine into trimethylamine N-oxide; [8] [10] FMO1 also does this, but to a much lesser extent than FMO3. [13] [14] Genetic deficiencies of the FMO3 enzyme cause primary trimethylaminuria, also known as "fish odor syndrome".
Trimethylamine is a full agonist of human TAAR5, [13] [14] [15] a trace amine-associated receptor that is expressed in the olfactory epithelium and functions as an olfactory receptor for tertiary amines. [15] [16] One or more additional odorant receptors appear to be involved in trimethylamine olfaction in humans as well. [16]
In chemistry, an amine oxide, also known as an amine N-oxide or simply N-oxide, is a chemical compound that has the chemical formula R 3 N + −O −. It contains a nitrogen-oxygen coordinate covalent bond with three additional hydrogen and/or substituent-groups attached to nitrogen. Sometimes it is written as R 3 N→O or, alternatively, [1 ...
2329 226564 Ensembl ENSG00000076258 ENSMUSG00000026692 UniProt P31512 Q8VHG0 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002022 NM_144878 RefSeq (protein) NP_002013 NP_659127 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 171.31 – 171.34 Mb Chr 1: 162.62 – 162.64 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 4 is an enzyme in humans encoded by the FMO4 gene. Function Metabolic N ...
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The odor is due to trimethylamine (TMA) formed by the gut microbes from the unabsorbed choline (see trimethylaminuria). [5] The liver oxidizes TMA to trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Elevated levels of TMA and TMAO in the body have been linked to increased risk of atherosclerosis and mortality.