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  2. Cistron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistron

    The cistron was defined by an operational test applicable to most organisms that is sometimes referred to as a cis-trans test, but more often as a complementation test. Richard Dawkins in his influential book The Selfish Gene argues against the cistron being the unit of selection and against it being the best definition of a gene.

  3. Multicistronic message - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicistronic_message

    Multicistronic message is an archaic term for Polycistronic. Monocistronic, bicistronic and tricistronic are also used to describe mRNA with single, double and triple coding areas (exons). Note that the base word cistron is no longer used in genetics, and has been replaced by intron and exon in eukaryotic mRNA. However, the mRNA found in ...

  4. Type VIII secretion system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_VIII_Secretion_System

    One operon codes for CsgA, CsgB, and CsgC, whereas the other codes for CsgD, CsgE, CsgF, and CsgG. [3] The two major subunits involved in this process are CsgA and CsgB, with CsgA being the most important to the system. [2] CsgA and CsgB are responsible for the system's control and extension of fibers.

  5. Operon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operon

    A typical operon. In genetics, an operon is a functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter. [1] The genes are transcribed together into an mRNA strand and either translated together in the cytoplasm, or undergo splicing to create monocistronic mRNAs that are translated separately, i.e. several strands of mRNA that each encode a single gene product.

  6. Bacterial transcription - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_transcription

    In fact, many prokaryotic genes occur in operons, which are a series of genes that work together to code for the same protein or gene product and are controlled by a single promoter. [2] Bacterial RNA polymerase is made up of four subunits and when a fifth subunit attaches, called the sigma factor (σ-factor), the polymerase can recognize ...

  7. Bacterial translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_translation

    When translating a polycistronic mRNA, a 70S ribosome ends translation at a stop codon.It is now shown that instead of immediately splitting into its two halves, the ribosome can "scan" forward until it hits another Shine–Dalgarno sequence and the downstream initiation codon, initiating another translation with the help of IF2 and IF3. [6]

  8. Transfer gene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_gene

    Each of the individual genes in the tra operon codes for a different protein product. These products may perform a number of tasks including interaction with one another to perform mating pair functions and regulation of different regions of the tra operon itself, [6] or conjugative DNA metabolism and surface exclusion. [4]

  9. Structural gene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_gene

    A structural gene is a gene that codes for any RNA or protein product other than a regulatory factor (i.e. regulatory protein).A term derived from the lac operon, structural genes are typically viewed as those containing sequences of DNA corresponding to the amino acids of a protein that will be produced, as long as said protein does not function to regulate gene expression.