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  2. Shadoof - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadoof

    Shadoof or shaduf comes from the Arabic word شادوف, šādūf. It is also called a lift, [4] well pole, well sweep, or simply a sweep in the US. [2] A less common English translation is swape. [3] Picotah (or picota) is a Portuguese loan word. It is also called a jiégāo (桔槹) in Chinese.

  3. Hazz al-quhuf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazz_al-quhuf

    Hazz al-quhuf is composed in the style of a literary commentary on a 42-line poem purported to be written by a peasant (Arabic: فلاح, fallāḥ) named Abu Shaduf. [1] In his commentary, al-Shirbini describes different customs of peasants and urban dwellers, and notes regional distinctions between the Sa'idi people of Upper Egypt, people of the Nile Delta in Lower Egypt, and the poorest ...

  4. Chiastic structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiastic_structure

    Oral literature is especially rich in chiastic structure, possibly as an aid to memorization and oral performance. In Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, for instance, Cedric Whitman finds chiastic patterns "of the most amazing virtuosity" that simultaneously perform both aesthetic and mnemonic functions, permitting the oral poet easily to recall the basic structure of the composition during ...

  5. List of story structures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_story_structures

    A classic example of a U-shaped plot in the Bible is the Parable of the Prodigal Son in Luke 15:11–24. The parable opens at the top of the U with a stable condition but turns downward after the son asks the father for his inheritance and sets out for a "distant country" (Luke 15:13).

  6. The Structure of Literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Structure_of_Literature

    The Structure of Literature is a 1954 book of literary criticism by Paul Goodman, the published version of his doctoral dissertation in the humanities.The book proposes a mode of formal literary analysis that Goodman calls "inductive formal analysis": Goodman defines a formal structure within an isolated literary work, finds how parts of the work interact with each other to form a whole, and ...

  7. Egyptians Raising Water from the Nile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptians_Raising_Water...

    Sargent made several trips to Egypt, Greece and Turkey as part of a project commissioned by the Boston Public Library to explore the origin of Western religion through art. Whilst in Egypt, he created this canvas in 1890–91, depicting a group of locals drinking or collecting water from the Nile which had been raised to the bank by a shaduf. [1]

  8. Saqiyah - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saqiyah

    The introduction of this machine had a decisive influence on agriculture as this wheel lifted water 3 to 8 metres with much less labour force and time than the Shaduf, which was the previous irrigation device in the Kingdom. The Shaduf relied on human energy while the saqiya was driven by buffalos or other animals. [20]

  9. Syntactic Structures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntactic_Structures

    Syntactic Structures is an important work in linguistics by American linguist Noam Chomsky, originally published in 1957.A short monograph of about a hundred pages, it is recognized as one of the most significant and influential linguistic studies of the 20th century.