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A map of the Thirteen Colonies in 1770, showing the number and proportion of slaves in each colony. [22] According to Bertram Wyatt-Brown, "Bondage was an answer to an economic need. The South was not founded to create slavery; slavery was recruited to perpetuate the South."
Ohio blacks could not vote, hold office, serve in the state militia, or serve jury duty. Blacks were not permitted in the public school system until 1848, when a law was passed that permitted communities to establish segregated schools. In 1837, black Ohioans met in a statewide convention seeking repeal of the Black Laws. [2]
The legal status of slavery in New Hampshire has been described as "ambiguous," [15] and abolition legislation was minimal or non-existent. [16] New Hampshire never passed a state law abolishing slavery. [17] That said, New Hampshire was a free state with no slavery to speak of from the American Revolution forward. [9] New Jersey
In 1936, sociologist Arthur Raper described the Black Belt as some 200 plantation counties where blacks represented more than 50% of the population, lying "in a crescent from Virginia to Texas". [5] Black population decreased in some areas after the Second Great Migration, when 4.5 million rural blacks left the region from 1940 to 1970.
An animation showing the free/slave status of U.S. states and territories, 1789–1861 (see separate yearly maps below). The American Civil War began in 1861. The 13th Amendment, effective December 6, 1865, abolished slavery in the U.S.
Generally, the rural Southern (or "Slower Lower") regions of Delaware below the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal embody a Southern culture, [91] [92] while densely-populated Northern Delaware above the canal—particularly Wilmington, a part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area—has more in common with that of the Northeast.
In the early 1870s, the Society of Friends members actively helped former black slaves in their search of freedom. The state was important in the operation of the Underground Railroad . While a few escaped enslaved blacks passed through the state on the way to Canada , a large population of blacks settled in Ohio, especially in big cities like ...
Although northern states still practiced slavery at the time of the American Revolution, emancipation rapidly increased in these regions while slavery consolidated in the south. As the western territories were opened to settlement, most of the earliest settlers came from the south, using the easier access provided by the Ohio River .