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  2. Philosophy of chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_chemistry

    Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling was among the first philosophers to use the term "philosophy of chemistry". [7]Several philosophers and scientists have focused on the philosophy of chemistry in recent years, notably, the Dutch philosopher Jaap van Brakel, who wrote The Philosophy of Chemistry in 2000, and the Maltese-born philosopher-chemist Eric Scerri, founder and editor of the journal ...

  3. Fallacy of division - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy_of_division

    Both the fallacy of division and the fallacy of composition were addressed by Aristotle in Sophistical Refutations.. In the philosophy of the ancient Greek Anaxagoras, as claimed by the Roman atomist Lucretius, [6] it was assumed that the atoms constituting a substance must themselves have the salient observed properties of that substance: so atoms of water would be wet, atoms of iron would be ...

  4. Instrumentalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentalism

    Instrumentalism merely bypasses debate concerning whether, for example, a particle spoken about in particle physics is a discrete entity enjoying individual existence, or is an excitation mode of a region of a field, or is something else altogether.

  5. Fallacy of composition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy_of_composition

    A trivial example might be: "This tire is made of rubber; therefore, the vehicle of which it is a part is also made of rubber." This is fallacious, because vehicles are made with a variety of parts, most of which are not made of rubber. The fallacy of composition can apply even when a fact is true of every proper part of a greater entity, though.

  6. Philosophical methodology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_methodology

    Philosophical methodology encompasses the methods used to philosophize and the study of these methods. Methods of philosophy are procedures for conducting research, creating new theories, and selecting between competing theories. In addition to the description of methods, philosophical methodology also compares and evaluates them.

  7. Infinite divisibility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_divisibility

    Consider, for example, an act of becoming during one second. The act is divisible into two acts, one during the earlier half of the second, the other during the later half of the second. Thus that which becomes during the whole second presupposes that which becomes during the first half-second.

  8. Branches of science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_science

    Example sub-disciplines of chemistry include: biochemistry, the study of substances found in biological organisms; physical chemistry, the study of chemical processes using physical concepts such as thermodynamics and quantum mechanics; and analytical chemistry, the analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their chemical ...

  9. Cartesianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesianism

    In the Netherlands, where Descartes had lived for a long time, Cartesianism was a doctrine popular mainly among university professors and lecturers.In Germany the influence of this doctrine was not relevant and followers of Cartesianism in the German-speaking border regions between these countries (e.g., the iatromathematician Yvo Gaukes from East Frisia) frequently chose to publish their ...

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