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  2. Sorted array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorted_array

    Sorted arrays are the most space-efficient data structure with the best locality of reference for sequentially stored data. [citation needed]Elements within a sorted array are found using a binary search, in O(log n); thus sorted arrays are suited for cases when one needs to be able to look up elements quickly, e.g. as a set or multiset data structure.

  3. Array (data structure) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array_(data_structure)

    There are three ways in which the elements of an array can be indexed: 0 (zero-based indexing) The first element of the array is indexed by subscript of 0. [8] 1 (one-based indexing) The first element of the array is indexed by subscript of 1. n (n-based indexing) The base index of an array can be freely chosen.

  4. Array programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array_programming

    In array languages, operations are generalized to apply to both scalars and arrays. Thus, a+b expresses the sum of two scalars if a and b are scalars, or the sum of two arrays if they are arrays. An array language simplifies programming but possibly at a cost known as the abstraction penalty.

  5. Binary search - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search

    Binary search Visualization of the binary search algorithm where 7 is the target value Class Search algorithm Data structure Array Worst-case performance O (log n) Best-case performance O (1) Average performance O (log n) Worst-case space complexity O (1) Optimal Yes In computer science, binary search, also known as half-interval search, logarithmic search, or binary chop, is a search ...

  6. Covariance and contravariance (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance_and_contra...

    Therefore, both Java and C# treat array types covariantly. For instance, in Java String [] is a subtype of Object [], and in C# string [] is a subtype of object []. As discussed above, covariant arrays lead to problems with writes into the array. Java [4]: 126 and C# deal with this by marking each array object with a type when it is created ...

  7. Median of medians - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_of_medians

    The key step is reducing the problem to selecting in two lists whose total length is shorter than the original list, plus a linear factor for the reduction step. This allows a simple induction to show that the overall running time is linear. The specific choice of groups of five elements is explained as follows.

  8. Priority queue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priority_queue

    That is, if there is a sorting algorithm which can sort in O(S) time per key, where S is some function of n and word size, [22] then one can use the given procedure to create a priority queue where pulling the highest-priority element is O(1) time, and inserting new elements (and deleting elements) is O(S) time.

  9. Pivot element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivot_element

    The pivot or pivot element is the element of a matrix, or an array, which is selected first by an algorithm (e.g. Gaussian elimination, simplex algorithm, etc.), to do certain calculations. In the case of matrix algorithms, a pivot entry is usually required to be at least distinct from zero, and often distant from it; in this case finding this ...