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[1] [2] Once stained as part of a sample, these organisms can resist the acid and/or ethanol-based decolorization procedures common in many staining protocols, hence the name acid-fast. [ 2 ] The mechanisms of acid-fastness vary by species although the most well-known example is in the genus Mycobacterium , which includes the species ...
M. marinum and perhaps M. bovis have been shown to sporulate; [9] however, this has been contested by further research. [10] The distinguishing characteristic of all Mycobacterium species is a thick, hydrophobic , and mycolic acid -rich cell wall made of peptidoglycan and arabinogalactan , with these unique components offering targets for new ...
However, the mycolic acid in the cell wall of M. tuberculosis does not absorb the stain. Instead, acid-fast stains such as Ziehl–Neelsen stain, or fluorescent stains such as auramine are used. [4] Cells are curved rod-shaped and are often seen wrapped together, due to the presence of fatty acids in the cell wall that stick together. [11]
It can also be used as a method of quantifying the pathogenicity of food, blood or feces. DNA analysis have supported the combined use of both this technique and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). [1] Another laboratory separation tool is the affinity magnetic separation (AMS), which is more suitable for the isolation of prokaryotic cells. [2]
M. leprae is an aerobic, rod-shaped, acid-fast bacterium with a waxy cell envelope characteristic of the genus Mycobacterium. [34] M. leprae and M. lepromatosis are obligate intracellular pathogens and cannot grow or be cultured outside of host tissues. [5] [35] However, they can be grown using research animals such as mice and armadillos. [36 ...
Salmonella pathogenicity and host interaction has been studied extensively since the 2010s. Most of the important virulent genes of Salmonella are encoded in five pathogenicity islands — the so-called Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs). These are chromosomal encoded and make a significant contribution to bacterial-host interaction.
Salicylic acid plays a role in the resistance to pathogens by inducing the production of pathogenesis-related proteins. [3] Many proteins found in wine are grape pathogen-related proteins. [ 4 ] Those include thaumatin -like proteins and chitinases .
Rhodococcus is a genus of aerobic, nonsporulating, nonmotile Gram-positive bacteria closely related to Mycobacterium and Corynebacterium. [2] [3] While a few species are pathogenic, most are benign, and have been found to thrive in a broad range of environments, including soil, water, and eukaryotic cells.