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f eq (H 2 SO 4) = 0.5. If the concentration of a sulfuric acid solution is c(H 2 SO 4) = 1 mol/L, then its normality is 2 N. It can also be called a "2 normal" solution. Similarly, for a solution with c(H 3 PO 4) = 1 mol/L, the normality is 3 N because phosphoric acid contains 3 acidic H atoms.
Hydrochloric acid as the binary (two-component) mixture of HCl and H 2 O has a constant-boiling azeotrope at 20.2% HCl and 108.6 °C (381.8 K; 227.5 °F). There are four constant- crystallization eutectic points for hydrochloric acid, between the crystal form of [H 3 O]Cl (68% HCl), [H 5 O 2 ]Cl (51% HCl), [H 7 O 3 ]Cl (41% HCl), [H 3 O]Cl·5H ...
In fractions like "2 nanometers per meter" (2 n m / m = 2 nano = 2×10 −9 = 2 ppb = 2 × 0.000 000 001), so the quotients are pure-number coefficients with positive values less than or equal to 1. When parts-per notations, including the percent symbol (%), are used in regular prose (as opposed to mathematical expressions), they are still pure ...
It is a dimensionless quantity with dimension of / and dimensionless unit of moles per mole (mol/mol or mol ⋅ mol −1) or simply 1; metric prefixes may also be used (e.g., nmol/mol for 10 −9). [5] When expressed in percent, it is known as the mole percent or molar percentage (unit symbol %, sometimes "mol%", equivalent to cmol/mol for 10 ...
Ba(ClO 3) 2 + H 2 SO 4 → 2 HClO 3 + BaSO 4 The chlorate must be dissolved in boiling water and the acid should be somewhat diluted in water and heated before mixing. Another method which can be used to produce solutions up to 10% concentration is by the use of cation exchange resins and a soluble salt such as NaClO 3 , where the Na+ cation ...
H 3 C−COOH + 2 Cl 2 → Cl 2 HC−COOH + 2 HCl H 3 C−COOH + 3 Cl 2 → Cl 3 C−COOH + 3 HCl. The second method entails hydrolysis of trichloroethylene: ClHC=CCl 2 + 2 H 2 O → ClH 2 C−COOH + 2 HCl. The hydrolysis is conducted at 130–140 °C in a concentrated (at least 75%) solution of sulfuric acid.
Conversion and its related terms yield and selectivity are important terms in chemical reaction engineering.They are described as ratios of how much of a reactant has reacted (X — conversion, normally between zero and one), how much of a desired product was formed (Y — yield, normally also between zero and one) and how much desired product was formed in ratio to the undesired product(s) (S ...
Chlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the formula HClO 2.It is a weak acid.Chlorine has oxidation state +3 in this acid. The pure substance is unstable, disproportionating to hypochlorous acid (Cl oxidation state +1) and chloric acid (Cl oxidation state +5):