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Orthodox Judaism maintains that the law of matrilineal descent in Judaism dates at least to the time of the covenant at Sinai (c. 1310 BCE). [24] This law was first codified in writing in the Mishna (c. 2nd century CE), [25] and later in the Mishneh Torah (c. 1170–1180 CE) [26] and Shulchan Aruch (1563 CE), without mention of any dissenting ...
Judaism is based on a strict monotheism, and a belief in one single, indivisible, non-compound God. The Shema Yisrael. This is illustrated in what is considered by some to be the Jewish moto, encapsulating the monotheistic nature of Judaism: [1] "Hear, O Israel: The L ORD is our God; the L ORD is one." [2]
After the Bar Kokhba revolt, rabbinic scholars gathered in Tiberias and Safed to re-assemble and re-assess Judaism, its laws, theology, liturgy, beliefs, and leadership structure. In 219 CE, the Sura Academy (from which Jewish Kalam emerged many centuries later) was founded by Abba Arika .
Conservative Judaism views halakha as normative [1] and binding. [2] The Conservative movement applies Jewish law to the full range of Jewish beliefs and practices, including thrice-daily prayer, Shabbat and holidays, marital relations and family purity , conversion, dietary laws ( kashrut ), and Jewish medical ethics .
Two House theology primarily focuses on the division of the ancient United Monarchy of Israel into two kingdoms, Israel and Judah.Two House theology raises questions when applied to modern peoples who are thought to be descendants of the two ancient kingdoms, both Jews (of the Kingdom of Judah) and the ten lost tribes of the Kingdom of Israel.
Yichud also applies outdoors. Illustration from Eliza Orzeszkowa's novel Meir Ezofowicz, which deals with the conflict between Jewish orthodoxy and modern liberalism.. The laws of yichud provide for strong restrictions on unrelated members of the opposite sex being secluded together, and milder ones for close family members.
Although Judaism prescribes modesty for both men and women, [77] the importance of modesty in dress and conduct is particularly stressed among women and girls. Orthodox women wear skirts and avoid trousers, and most married Orthodox women cover their hair with a scarf ( tichel ), snood , hat, beret, or wig.
Pirkei Avot is a compilation of Jewish ethics and related teachings the Rabbis of the Mishnaic period and part of didactic Jewish ethical musar literature. Because of its contents, it is also called Ethics of the Fathers. The teachings of Pirkei Avot appear in the Mishnaic tractate Avot, the second-to-last tractate in the order of Nezikin in ...