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  2. 14+ Homemade Cleaners That Get Your Home Sparkling ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/14-homemade-cleaners-home-sparkling...

    The post 14+ Homemade Cleaners That Get Your Home Sparkling, According to Pros appeared first on Reader's Digest. These DIY solutions are easy to make, affordable, and incredibly effective.

  3. Saponification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification

    Saponification is a process of cleaving esters into carboxylate salts and alcohols by the action of aqueous alkali. Typically aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions are used. [1] [2] It is an important type of alkaline hydrolysis. When the carboxylate is long chain, its salt is called a soap. The saponification of ethyl acetate gives sodium acetate ...

  4. Melt and pour - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melt_and_pour

    As with the rebatching method, it can be considered a misnomer to refer to the melt and pour process as soap making. The process has much in common with candle making using meltable wax which, using a similar process, can be scented, dyed, and shaped on a small or large scale of production. Other processes used by soapers are cold process, hot ...

  5. Vinegar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinegar

    This process also facilitated the rise of vinegar made from pure alcohol called spirit vinegar or distilled white vinegar. Japan also began industrializing vinegar production during the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate , when Matazaemon Nakano, a man from a traditional sake brewing family, discovered that sake lees could be used to make rice ...

  6. Tabo (hygiene) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabo_(hygiene)

    The timba (pail) and the tabo (dipper) are two essentials in Philippine bathrooms and bathing areas.. The tabò (Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈtaːbɔʔ]) is the traditional hygiene tool primarily for cleansing, bathing, and cleaning the floor of the bathroom in the Philippines, Indonesia, East Timor, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand and Brunei.

  7. Soap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap

    A handmade soap bar Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical ingredient found in bar soaps Emulsifying action of soap on oil. Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. [1]

  8. Salting out - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salting_out

    This process is known as salting out. [citation needed] Soaps are easily precipitated by concentrated salt solution, the metal ion in the salt reacts with the fatty acids forming back the soap and glycerin (glycerol). To separate glycerin from the soap, the pasty boiling mass is treated with brine (NaCl solution).

  9. Shower gel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shower_gel

    Shower gel is a derivative invention of the liquid soap, which first appeared in the 1800s. In 1865, William Shepphard patented the formula behind the liquid soap, [1] but the product gained eventual popularity with the rise of Palmolive soap in 1898, by B.J. Johnson.