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A sovereign state is a political association with effective sovereignty over a population for whom it makes decisions in the national interest. [3] According to the Montevideo Convention, a state must have a permanent population, a defined territory, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. [4]
Below is a list of countries and dependencies in South America by area. [1] Brazil is the largest country in South America while Suriname is the smallest. Panama is not regarded as a transcontinental country but the country is sometimes included in South America due to being part of Colombia prior to its secession in 1903.
Brazil is the largest country in South America, covering a little less than half of the continent's land area and encompassing around half of the continent's population. [26] The remaining countries and territories are divided among four subregions: the Andean states, Caribbean South America, The Guianas, and the Southern Cone. [27]
Country Southernmost point Latitude Antarctica: South Pole: 90°00′S: Antarctic Circle: 66°33′39"S South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (United Kingdom) Southern Thule: 59°42′S Chile: Águila Islet, Diego Ramírez Islands Cape Froward (mainland) 56°32′S 53°53′S Argentina: Southernmost point of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego
The border between North America and South America is at some point on the Darién Mountains watershed that divides along the Colombia–Panama border where the isthmus meets the South American continent (see Darién Gap). Virtually all atlases list Panama as a state falling entirely within North America and/or Central America. [116] [117]
Colombia, [b] officially the Republic of Colombia, [c] is a country primarily located in South America with insular regions in North America.The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuela to the east and northeast, Brazil to the southeast, Peru and Ecuador to the south and southwest, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Panama to the northwest.
Patagonia (Spanish pronunciation: [pataˈɣonja]) is a geographical region that includes parts of Argentina and Chile at the southern end of South America. The region includes the southern section of the Andes mountain chain with lakes, fjords, temperate rainforests, and glaciers in the west and deserts, tablelands, and steppes to the east.
Argentina, [C] officially the Argentine Republic, [A] [D] is a country in the southern half of South America.It covers an area of 2,780,085 km 2 (1,073,397 sq mi), [B] making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the eighth-largest country in the world.