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Examples of a geometric sequence are powers r k of a fixed non-zero number r, such as 2 k and 3 k. The general form of a geometric sequence is , , , , , … where r is the common ratio and a is the initial value. The sum of a geometric progression's terms is called a geometric series.
The geometric series is an infinite series derived from a special type of sequence called a geometric progression.This means that it is the sum of infinitely many terms of geometric progression: starting from the initial term , and the next one being the initial term multiplied by a constant number known as the common ratio .
The nth partial sum is given by a simple formula: = = (+). This equation was known to the Pythagoreans as early as the sixth century BCE. [5] Numbers of this form are called triangular numbers, because they can be arranged as an equilateral triangle.
In mathematics, an arithmetico-geometric sequence is the result of element-by-element multiplication of the elements of a geometric progression with the corresponding elements of an arithmetic progression. The nth element of an arithmetico-geometric sequence is the product of the nth element of an arithmetic sequence and the nth element of a ...
Proof without words that a hexagonal number (middle column) can be rearranged as rectangular and odd-sided triangular numbers. A hexagonal number is a figurate number.The nth hexagonal number h n is the number of distinct dots in a pattern of dots consisting of the outlines of regular hexagons with sides up to n dots, when the hexagons are overlaid so that they share one vertex.
Formulas for summing consecutive squares to give a cubic polynomial, whose values are the square pyramidal numbers, are given by Archimedes, who used this sum as a lemma as part of a study of the volume of a cone, [2] and by Fibonacci, as part of a more general solution to the problem of finding formulas for sums of progressions of squares. [3]
A square whose side length is a triangular number can be partitioned into squares and half-squares whose areas add to cubes. This shows that the square of the n th triangular number is equal to the sum of the first n cube numbers. Also, the square of the n th triangular number is the same as the sum of the cubes of the integers 1 to n.
The exercise of working through this problem may be used to explain and demonstrate exponents and the quick growth of exponential and geometric sequences. It can also be used to illustrate sigma notation. When expressed as exponents, the geometric series is: 2 0 + 2 1 + 2 2 + 2 3 + ... and so forth, up to 2 63. The base of each exponentiation ...