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  2. Aufeis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aufeis

    Laminations of ice in a sheet of aufeis. Aufeis (/ ˈ aʊ f aɪ s / OW-fysse) (German for "ice on top") is a sheet-like mass of layered ice that forms from successive flows of ground or river water during freezing temperatures. This form of ice is also called overflow, icings, [1] or the Russian term, naled (Russian: наледь).

  3. Needle ice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needle_ice

    Needle ice phenomena play a particularly significant role in patterned ground in periglacial environments. [8] The growth of needle ice lifts a detached, frozen soil crust riding on top of the layer of ice. When the crust and the ice melt, the soil surface settles back irregularly. This phenomenon is linked to erosion, particularly on ...

  4. Grounding (metaphysics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grounding_(metaphysics)

    This kind of dependence is called "grounding" to distinguish it from other kinds of dependence, such as the dependence of an effect on its cause. It is sometimes called metaphysical or ontological dependence. Grounding can be characterized as a relation between a ground and a grounded entity.

  5. Frost heaving - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_heaving

    Photograph taken 21 March 2010 in Norwich, Vermont. Frost heaving (or a frost heave) is an upwards swelling of soil during freezing conditions caused by an increasing presence of ice as it grows towards the surface, upwards from the depth in the soil where freezing temperatures have penetrated into the soil (the freezing front or freezing boundary).

  6. Glossary of meteorology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_meteorology

    A type of solid precipitation which forms when relatively large drops of water are supercooled into a dense, transparent coating of ice without air or other impurities. It is similar to glaze and hard rime and, when formed on the ground, is often called black ice. clear-air turbulence climate

  7. Glossary of geography terms (A–M) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms...

    Also amphidrome and tidal node. A geographical location where there is little or no tide, i.e. where the tidal amplitude is zero or nearly zero because the height of sea level does not change appreciably over time (meaning there is no high tide or low tide), and around which a tidal crest circulates once per tidal period (approximately every 12 hours). Tidal amplitude increases, though not ...

  8. Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wegener–Bergeron...

    The Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process (after Alfred Wegener, Tor Bergeron, and Walter Findeisen []), (or "cold-rain process") is a process of ice crystal growth that occurs in mixed phase clouds (containing a mixture of supercooled water and ice) in regions where the ambient vapor pressure falls between the saturation vapor pressure over water and the lower saturation vapor pressure over ice.

  9. Glossary of ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_ecology

    Also Gause's law. A biological rule which states that two species cannot coexist in the same environment if they are competing for exactly the same resource, often memorably summarized as "complete competitors cannot coexist". coniferous forest One of the primary terrestrial biomes, culminating in the taiga. conservation biology The study of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting and ...