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Each entry below is an outline, an introduction to a subject structured as a hierarchical list of the essential points. Each of these outlines focuses on a mathematics or logic. Along with Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines, the outlines on Wikipedia form an all
The idea that math is 'out there' is incompatible with the idea that it consists of formal systems." Tegmark's response [10]: sec VI.A.1 is to offer a new hypothesis "that only Gödel-complete (fully decidable) mathematical structures have physical existence. This drastically shrinks the Level IV multiverse, essentially placing an upper limit ...
In mathematics, a conjecture is a conclusion or a proposition that is proffered on a tentative basis without proof. [1] [2] [3] Some conjectures, such as the Riemann hypothesis or Fermat's conjecture (now a theorem, proven in 1995 by Andrew Wiles), have shaped much of mathematical history as new areas of mathematics are developed in order to ...
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences" is a 1960 article written by the physicist Eugene Wigner, published in Communication in Pure and Applied Mathematics. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In it, Wigner observes that a theoretical physics's mathematical structure often points the way to further advances in that theory and to ...
A mathematical proof is a deductive argument for a mathematical statement, showing that the stated assumptions logically guarantee the conclusion. The argument may use other previously established statements, such as theorems ; but every proof can, in principle, be constructed using only certain basic or original assumptions known as axioms ...
Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and integer-valued functions. German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics." Number theory also studies the natural, or whole, numbers.
Chance, Love and Logic: Philosophical Essays, page x. LI x = The Logic of Interdisciplinarity: The Monist-series, page x. PSWS x = Peirce on Signs: Writings on Semiotic, page x. ("PSWS" coined for this wiki.) [2] PWP x = Philosophical Writings of Peirce, page x. SIL x = Studies in Logic by Members of the Johns Hopkins University, page x. SW x =
The use of Unicode characters for blackboard bold is discouraged in English Wikipedia; instead, either the LaTeX rendering (for example <math>\mathbb{Z}</math> or <math>\Z</math>) or standard bold fonts should be used. As with all such choices, each article should be consistent with itself, and editors should not change articles from one choice ...