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A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Bulgaria, Kievan Rus' (and later Russia), Moldavia and Wallachia (and later Romania), Lithuania and among Baltic Germans.
The nobility arose in the 12th and 13th centuries as the lowest part of the feudal military class, which comprised the court of a prince or an important boyar.From the 14th century land ownership by nobles increased, and by the 17th century, the bulk of feudal lords and the majority of landowners were nobles.
Russia experienced a famine in 1601–1603 after extremely poor harvests, with nighttime temperatures in the summer months often below freezing. [5] Famine enveloped the country in 1602, followed by disease, claiming a third to two thirds of the population. Hunger riots, and the Khlopko rebellion of September 1603 also caused social instability.
The Table of Ranks (Russian: Табель о рангах, romanized: Tabel' o rangakh) was a formal list of positions and ranks in the military, government, and court of Imperial Russia. Peter the Great introduced the system in 1722 while engaged in a struggle with the existing hereditary nobility, or boyars.
"Good Tsar, bad Boyars" (Russian: Царь хороший, бояре плохие, romanized: Tsar khoroshiy, boyarie plokhiye), sometimes also known as Naïve Monarchism, is a Russian political phenomenon in which positive actions taken by the Russian government are viewed as being the result of the leader of Russia, while negative actions taken by the government are viewed as being caused ...
The oprichniki were essentially a private army under Ivan's personal control with the power to "pronounce official disgrace upon, execute and confiscate the property of disobedient boyars without the advice of the [boyar] council." [3] Ivan proceeded to exercise this right liberally, as he attempted to purge all those whom he deemed a threat.
The Seven Boyars (Russian: Семибоярщина, romanized: Semiboyarshchina, lit. 'Rule of the Seven Boyars', 'the Deeds of the Seven Boyars' or (potentially slightly disparagingly) 'the Seven-Boyar affair') were a group of Russian nobles who deposed Tsar Vasili Shuisky on 27 July [O.S. 17 July] 1610 and later that year, after Russia lost the Battle of Klushino during the Polish–Russian ...
Boyar scions of the 16th century. A coloured engraving from the 1556 edition of Sigismund von Herberstein's book Notes on Muscovite Affairs.. Boyar scions (Russian: дети боярские, сыны боярские; transliteration: deti/syny boyarskie) were a rank of Russian gentry that existed from the late 1300s through the 1600s.