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Diptera is an order of winged insects commonly known as flies. Diptera, which are one of the most successful groups of organisms on Earth, are very diverse biologically. None are truly marine but they occupy virtually every terrestrial niche. Many have co-evolved in association with plants and animals.
Diptera is a large order containing more than 150,000 species including horse-flies, [a] crane flies, hoverflies, mosquitoes and others. Flies have a mobile head, with a pair of large compound eyes , and mouthparts designed for piercing and sucking (mosquitoes, black flies and robber flies), or for lapping and sucking in the other groups.
This is a list of the families of the order Diptera (true flies). The classification is based largely on Pape et al. (2011). Many of the fossil species are of uncertain placement and are retained in separate lists broadly under Nematocera and Brachycera. [1]
An adult crane fly, resembling an oversized male mosquito, typically has a slender body and long, stilt-like legs that are deciduous, easily coming off the body. [12] [2] Like other insects, their wings are marked with wing interference patterns which vary among species, thus are useful for species identification. [13]
Adults are small (< 2 millimetres (5 ⁄ 64 in)) to medium-sized insects (- < 10 millimetres (25 ⁄ 64 in)). Larger Diptera are rare, only certain families of Diptera Mydidae and Pantophthalmidae reach 95–100 millimetres (3 + 3 ⁄ 4 –4 in) wingspan while tropical species of Tipulidae have been recorded at over 100 millimetres (4 in).
The Calliphoridae (commonly known as blowflies, blow flies, blow-flies, carrion flies, bluebottles, or greenbottles) [5] are a family of insects in the order Diptera, with almost 1,900 known species. The maggot larvae, often used as fishing bait, are known as gentles. [6]
Sarcophagidae (from Ancient Greek σάρξ sárx 'flesh' and φαγεῖν phageîn 'to eat') [1] are a family of flies commonly known as flesh flies.They differ from most flies in that they are ovoviviparous, opportunistically depositing hatched or hatching maggots instead of eggs on carrion, dung, decaying material, or open wounds of mammals, hence their common name.
Fauna d’Italia XX.Revision of the Italian species for these two families (in Italian). Mathis, W.N. & Zatwarnicki, T. (1990), A revision of the western Palaearctic species of Athyroglossa (Diptera: Ephydridae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 116: 103–133. Revision of the West Palaearctic species of the genus.