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Ileus is a disruption of the normal propulsive ability of the intestine. It can be caused by lack of peristalsis or by mechanical obstruction . [ 1 ] The word 'ileus' derives from Ancient Greek εἰλεός (eileós) 'intestinal obstruction'.
Bowel obstruction, also known as intestinal obstruction, is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines which prevents the normal movement of the products of digestion. [2] [5] Either the small bowel or large bowel may be affected. [1] Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, bloating and not passing gas. [1]
Mechanical causes of intestinal obstruction must be excluded to reach a diagnosis of pseudo-obstruction. Attempts must also be made to determine whether the IPO is the result of a primary or secondary condition. [15] A diagnostic work-up may include: [14] Gastric motility studies; Imaging studies:
Volvulus causes severe pain and progressive injury to the intestinal wall, with accumulation of gas and fluid in the portion of the bowel obstructed. [11] Ultimately, this can result in necrosis of the affected intestinal wall, acidosis, and death. This is known as a closed-loop obstruction because there exists an isolated ("closed") loop of bowel.
It is a common symptom of gastrojejunocolic fistula and intestinal obstruction in the ileum. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Fecal vomiting is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain , abdominal distension , dehydration , and diarrhea .
Causes of constipation may include faecal impaction and bowel obstruction, which may in turn be caused by ileus, intussusception, volvulus. Inflammatory bowel disease is a condition of unknown aetiology, classified as either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, that can affect the intestines and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
Primary vascular causes of bowel infarction, also known as mesenteric ischemia, are due to blockages in the arteries or veins that supply the bowel.Types of mesenteric ischemia are generally separated into acute and chronic processes, because this helps determine treatment and prognosis.
Specific cause of abdominal compartment syndrome is not known, although some causes can be sepsis and severe abdominal trauma. Increasing pressure reduces blood flow to abdominal organs and impairs pulmonary , cardiovascular , renal , and gastro-intestinal (GI) function, causing obstructive shock , multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death.